Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
M.M. Shaed, C.T. Chik, N. Sumarjan & S.A. Jamal
Faculty of Hotel and Tourism Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
ABSTRACT: Employment nowadays is very important to everyone. People need a job to survive. As
our living cost increase, more money is needed to sustain daily expenses. Disabled people are not excluded,
they too need income to support their life. However to some employer, disability is seen as limited abil-
ity and thus they are put aside in staff selection. Although Malaysia human resource policy encourage
disabled people to enter main stream employment, their numbers are still limited. This paper reviewed
the employability mismatch between the employer expectation and the employee's ability and the hopes
of the disabled community in getting employed, especially in the hospitality industry.
Keywords
:
Disability employment, employability mismatch, hospitality
1 INTRODUCTION
have the problems of unemployment or underem-
ployment especially in hospitality industry. Under-
employment for people with disability in Malaysia
means that they receive salary that does not reflect
with their education level. Therefore, it is impor-
tant to know the employability mismatch between
the disabled workers and the management itself.
In addition, Khoo, Tiun and Lee (2013) stated
that there is empirical evidence that showed since
1990s, underemployment and unemployment have
happen in advanced countries such as the United
Kingdom. Furthermore, this problem is not only
affected Malaysia but also to the broader economy
in terms of calculating economic losses and the
opportunity costs of inactivity. World Bank calcu-
lated that in 1993, Canada had lost about US$55.8
billion (7.7%) of their GDP due to the disability.
The disabled person should not be treated differ-
ently, socially ignored or marginalised in any work-
force. They should have equal rights to be employed
and consequently get fair opportunities in training
and development. Thus, in this study, researcher
wants to explore the relation or mismatch of
attributes, attitudes and legislations towards the
employability and hiring disabled workers in hos-
pitality industry. It is to make known that they
can contribute to the economic development and
nation's growth.
Disability is described via medical model as destruc-
tion of mental or physical that can limit the activities
in person's life (Thanem, 2008). It is also defined
as a limitation or insufficient skill to do activity
in a normal way. Usually, trauma, accident, genet-
ics, pathology as destructions through disease can
cause disability. Magdalene, Ang, Ramayah, and
Vun (2013) stated that based on data by UNES-
CAP (2003), in total, there are over 650 million peo-
ple who are disabled in this world, while 400 million
from them came from the Pacific and Asian region.
For Malaysia, in year 2013, Social Welfare Depart-
ment reported that there are a total of 477,549 of
disabled people who registered in Malaysia. The
previous year reported that 445,006 disabled people
in Malaysia which clearly shows that the numbers
of disabled people are increasing each year due to
the increment of total population. According to
the data, majority of the disabled people had learn-
ing disability 174,454 people, followed by physi-
cal disability 157,144 people, deaf 56,901 people,
blind 44,332 people, mental disability 18,122 peo-
ple, speech disability 3,530 and also others 23,066
people. When the number is divided according to
ethnics, Malay people have the highest number of
disabled people which are 295,132 in number while
Chinese at about 95,307, Indian 48,694 and oth-
ers 38,416 people. The “others” category are also
included ethnics from Sabah and Sarawak. How-
ever, it is still remain unknown the exact number
of disabled people in Malaysia because the registra-
tion for them are done voluntary.
The reason for this research is because many
disabled people in Malaysia are being ignored and
2 LITERATURE REVIEWS
2.1
Attributes
2.1.1
Gender
Sometimes people treat others based on their gen-
der. Especially for women, sometimes they are
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