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Perak and the tribe leaders were first obtained.
With five research assistants, the survey was con-
ducted on 4 weekends (8 days). Given the fact that
the researcher and research assistants had direct
access to the respondents after a series of commu-
nity programs and with the help of the tribe leaders
and officer from JHEOA, the survey was success-
fully conducted. In light of the positive feedbacks
and the absence of any obvious problem with either
the instrument or the process, good responses with
a total of 150 questionnaires were collected.
Table 1. Mean score for displacement effects on Orang
Asli socio-culture.
4
ANALYSIS AND RESULT
Based on frequency test, 80 percent (n
120) of
respondents were males compared to 20 percent
(n
=
=
30) females. 20 percent (n
=
30) were above
60 years old while 53.3 percent (n
=
80) was in the
range of 40-59 years old (n
20) and 26.6 percent
were between 30-39 years old. 60 percent (n
=
90)
were farmers or self employed working at the
vegetables farm, fruit orchard or selling forestry
products and 40 percent (n
=
60) were working in
mining and refinery factory. 54.7 percent (n
=
82)
of the was displaced since 1990 and 45.3 percent
(n
=
=
68) since 1992.
4.1
Displacement effects on Orang
Asli socio-culture
Looking at the displacement effect on Orang Asli
socio-culture, descriptive statistic revealed that the
majority of respondents agreed that displacement
have changed their lifestyle, educational level and
their standard of living. Displacement well improved
their economy by providing many economic activi-
ties, creating job opportunities and generate more
incomes. On top of that, displacement provides
better religious practices and does not ruin their
inherited custom and traditional ritual practices.
It is interesting to note displacement give them a
good environment for living, healthy lifestyle with
the better planned residential layout. A proximity
which refers to the distance between resettlement
areas to other places also contributed to changes in
social-culture. In this sense, they believe that closed
distance between the displacement area and town
promote better economic activities and offers vast
job opportunities. Closed distances of housing in
the neighborhood between each other's encourage
the social and religious activities.
Scale: 1
=
strongly disagree, 2
=
disagree, 3
=
slightly agree,
4
=
agree, 5
=
strongly agree
agreed with most items. As such the improvement
of lifestyles has slightly altering Kintaq and Ken-
sui tribes' knowledge and food practices. They
believed that new lifestyles and educational lev-
els improved their food knowledge and cooking
practices. Majority of Orang Asli believed that
displacements not only transformed their religious
beliefs, but teaches them on the new understand-
ing of permissible food knowledge and ways of
preparing food especially among the Muslim. The
improvement of the knowledge of food also intro-
duced them to a new variety of food ingredients,
understanding of the usage of ingredients and
their usage of modern utensils.
4.3
The relationship between socio-culture
and food practices
A single-step multiple regression was conducted to
test the socio-culture variables as predictor against
the criterion variable relates to food practices (see
Table 3).
Looking at the Table 3, the socio-culture fac-
tors manage to explain only 12 percent (
R
2
4.2
Displacement effects on Orang Asli food
practices
The magnitude of mean score between 3.33 and
4.02 indicates that the majority of respondents
=
0.12,
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