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farmer to help them cater the business during the
peak periods.
According to Johnson (2002), CTL has the
potential to be more than just another blip on the
screen of ephemeral classroom practices. CTL
offers a pathway to academic excellence all stu-
dents can follow. CTL is a learning concept that
helps teacher connects the learning material to
the real condition of the student and encourages
students to use their own knowledge in their daily
life. This method will help students to be a more
independent and natural learners in their effort to
develop their knowledge.
Therefore, CTL is one of the innovative
approaches in teaching and learning. According
to Tural (2012), contextual learning theory occurs
only when students (learners) process new infor-
mation or knowledge in such a way that it makes
sense to them in their own frames of reference
(their own inner worlds of memory, experience
and response). This approach to learning and
teaching assumes that the mind naturally seeks
meaning in context that is, in relation to the per-
son's current environment and that it does so by
searching for relationships that make sense and
appear useful.
Thus, CTL approach will be apply in transfer-
ring entrepreneurial knowledge and hospitality
awareness to the farmers to achieve the research
objectives later. The entrepreneurial knowledge
and hospitality awareness will be transferred to the
farmers on class organized for them.
2.4
Entrepreneurship in tourism
Definition of entrepreneurship in general is the ini-
tiative to change through new creation and innova-
tion that bear by risk (Zhao, Ritchie & Echtner,
2011). Scholars also mentioned that entrepreneur-
ship is about discovering and exploiting opportu-
nities (Zhao et al., 2011). It is also suggested that
entrepreneurship research should deal with the
phenomena of emergence, such as how opportu-
nities are detected and acted upon, or how new
organizations come into being.
Entrepreneurial skills have been dispute either it
can be learned and experientially acquired or it can
be manipulate from a certain strategic measures
like business education (Ismail & Ahmad, 2013).
Some scholars' mentions recommend that entre-
preneurial elements can be positively persuading
by educational programmes. Then, a group of
scholars from USA thought that someone can-
not be teach to be an entrepreneur but still can
be teach about the entrepreneurial skills needed
in order to be a successful entrepreneur (Ismail &
Ahmad, 2013).
It is said that tourism industry will catch the
attention of incomers to start businesses because
it will initiate new skills and access to network
beyond the local economy. However, it leads to
questions because not all tourism businesses are
good in entrepreneurial or innovative (Bosworth &
Farrell, 2011).
3 CONCLUSION
From the studies, there is a great concern on entre-
preneurial knowledge and hospitality awareness
among the person that get involved in agro tourism
in Malaysia. Kunasekaran et al., (2011), found fac-
tors like awareness and entrepreneurial knowledge
would be beneficial for an investigation of general
perception of the local community on tourism.
However, these factors were not found in litera-
ture because most studies concentrated only on the
impacts of tourism. The involvement of rural com-
munities in the agro tourism programmes is not
well integrated into the rural development strate-
gies and participation in entrepreneurial activities
related to agro tourism is still low (Muhammad
et al., 2012).
To date, entrepreneurial knowledge among the
farmers and the hospitality awareness have not
been widely researched. In fact, there have been
limited comprehensive studies on the entrepreneur-
ial knowledge and hospitality awareness among
the farmers in Malaysia. To answer such questions
besides creating literature and lay the groundwork,
some empirical evidences on the highlighted issues
needs to be explored.
2.5
Contextual teaching and learning
Contextual teaching and learning (CTL) is one of
the hot topics in education today. The contextual
approach is a learning philosophy that empha-
sizes students' interest and experiences. The CTL
was developed by the Washington State Consor-
tium, which involve 11 universities, 20 schools and
some education organizations in the United States
(Satriani, Emilia & Gunawan, 2012).
Based on Piagetian constructivism, cognitive
constructivist see the students construct their own
meaning of reality (Porcaro, 2011). It is similar
with Johnson (2002), CTL is a learning concept
that helps teacher connects the learning material to
the real condition of the student and encourages
students to use their own knowledge in their daily
life. This method will help students to be a more
independent and natural learners in their effort to
develop their knowledge. CTL has the potential
to be more than just another blip on the screen of
ephemeral classroom practices. CTL offers a path-
way to academic excellence all students can follow
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