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activities indicate strongest correlation for open
sea and island tour (
r
5
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
.000)
and weakest correlation for kayaking and fish
farm (
r
=
0.795,
n
=
142,
p
=
Based on the presented results, it is observed
that hypotheses one and three are proven. As
for the second hypothesis, the water-based tour-
ism activities are only well predicted by cheap
recreational activities (environment variable).
Meanwhile, for non-water-based tourism activi-
ties, findings indicate positive result only for
mangrove sightseeing, eagle feeding and experi-
ence unspoiled nature. Despite the insignificant
results observed for nationality, it is within this
research interest for KILIM Geopark man-
agement specifically and future studies gener-
ally to further evaluate on nationality from the
perspectives of demographic background and
nature-based tourism regulations practiced by
respondents' countries.
In addition, it is also important to study
on respondents' understanding on Malaysia's
nature-based tourism regulations and respond-
ents' expectations with regards to Malaysia's
nature-based tourism industry specifically and
KILIM Geopark tourism activities generally. In
terms of genders, despite focusing on similari-
ties and differences in relation to participation
in tourism activities, attention should be given
towards determining the time spend on tour-
ism activities where this will provide insights
on differences and similarities of types of non-
tourism activities-related actions (for example
eating, taking pictures and exploring) and level
of expectations. By doing so, this will deepen the
understanding on the psychological aspect per-
taining behavior-related issues, which described
by Theory of Reasoned Action:
'…[a person
will] evaluate the possible implication of [his or
her] action before [deciding whether] to engage
or not in particular decision'
(Bestard & Nadal,
2007, p. 194). On top of this, this research comes
to conclude the significance of upgrading and
enhancing KILIM Geopark's public relations
activities in order to empowering the people on
the importance of proper planning management
(as documented by Bohdanowicz, Zanki-Alujevic
& Martinac, 2004) in addition to justify the value
of KILIM Geopark. Against this background,
KILIM Geopark specifically and future studies
generally could employed Kytzia et al's (2011)
evaluation model where in this model, develop-
ment and/or planning proposal will be assessed
for input-output structure, tourists' behavior and
industries, space required for activities imple-
mentation and productivity functions for land
and labor. In doing so, within this research inter-
est, issue of encouraging tourists' active partici-
pation in all tourism activities offered could be
addressed.
.000), [2] assess-
ments between water-based activities and serv-
ices variable point towards strongest correlation
between open sea and cheap recreational activities
(
r
=
0.380,
n
=
142,
p
=
.000) and weakest correlation
between kayaking and good condition (
r
=
0.633,
n
=
142,
p
=
=
0.245,
n
.000), [3] none significant relationship
between water-based activities and environment
variables except for kayaking and lakes (
r
=
142,
p
=
= −
.191,
n
.023) and [4] positive correlations
were observed between the environment variables
(experience beautiful nature and lakes:
r
=
142,
p
=
=
0.647,
n
=
142,
p
=
.000; experience unspoiled nature and
lakes:
r
.000). Of importance,
the correlation results were not influenced by dis-
tance between tourism activities location, which
indirectly explained respondents' accessibility level
to each tourism activity. In summary, correlation
analysis signifies the youth respondents' propensity
towards open sea activity and additional attention
should be given to kayaking activity in terms of
upgrading the facilities and improvising the activ-
ity's attraction.
Findings from regression analysis points out
the dependency between water-based activities as
follows: fish farm [R
2
=
0.528,
n
=
142,
p
=
=
0.508, F(5, 136)
=
28.037,
p
=
.000], fish feeding [R
2
=
0.680, F(5,
136)
=
57.716,
p
=
.000], open sea [R
2
=
0.755, F(5,
136)
=
83.721,
p
=
.000], island tour [R
2
=
0.699, F(5,
136)
=
63.060,
p
=
.000], fishing trip [R
2
=
0.660, F(5,
136)
=
52.800,
p
=
.000] and kayaking [R
2
=
0.723,
F(5, 136)
.000]. Further, it is learned
that: fish farm is well predicted by fish feeding
(
b
=
71.066,
p
=
=
0.549,
t
(5.763)
=
p
=
.000), fish feed is well pre-
dicted by open sea (
b
=
0.487,
t
(5.487)
=
p
=
.000),
open sea is well predicted by island tour (
b
=
0.452,
t
(6.757)
=
p
=
.000), island tour is well predicted
by open sea (
b
.000), fish-
ing trip is well predicted by kayaking (
b
=
0.556,
t
(6.757)
=
p
=
=
0.781,
t
(11.575)
.000) and kayaking is well predicted
by fishing trip (
b
=
p
=
.000). In the
context of services and environment variables, it is
interesting to find that all tourism activities are well
predicted by cheap recreational activities variable
where: [1] fish farm [R
2
=
0.636,
t
(11.575)
=
p
=
=
0.255, F(6, 135)
=
7.699,
p
=
.000;
b
=
0.311,
t
(3.081)
=
p
=
.003], [2] fish
feeding [R
2
=
0.402, F(6, 135)
=
15.148,
p
=
.000;
b
=
0.381,
t
(4.215)
=
p
=
.000], [3] [R
2
=
0.466, F(6,
135)
=
19.650,
p
=
.000;
b
=
0.408,
t
(4.769)
=
p
=
.000],
[4] island tour [R
2
=
0.396, F(6, 135)
=
14.725,
p
=
.000;
b
=
0.471,
t
(5.182)
=
p
=
.000], [5] fish-
ing trip [R
2
=
0.235, F(6, 135)
=
6.909,
p
=
.000;
b
=
0.415,
t
(4.056)
=
p
=
.000] and [6] kayaking
[R
2
=
0.334, F(6, 135)
=
11.266,
p
=
.000;
b
=
0.510,
t
(5.342)
=
p
=
.000).
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