Travel Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1. Mean and percentage of frequencies of eco-
nomic impacts of sports tourism development towards
residents of Langkawi Island (
N
Table 2. Mean and percentage of frequencies of socio-
cultural impacts of sports tourism development towards
residents of Langkawi Island (
N
=
300).
=
300).
5.4
The environmental impacts of sports tourism
development towards residents of Langkawi
Island
Table 3 identified the significant environmental
impacts as “Provides incentive for the conserva-
tion”, “Unpleasant crowd and inaccessible places
during peak season”, and “Changes local tradi-
tions and culture”.
that sports tourism attracts more investments and
spending, increases standard of living although it
benefits only certain groups of individuals. Resi-
dents of group aged 30-39 years observed that
sports tourism creates job opportunities for out-
siders than the locals.
ANOVA's results were found significant for socio-
cultural impacts reading “Tourists are keen to learn
local culture”,
F
(4, 195)
5.5
The impacts of sports tourism development
towards residents of Langkawi Island in term
of age
The MANOVA's results for economic, socio-cul-
tural and environmental impacts tested on the five
age groups was significant. Follow-up ANOVA
tests extracted significant results for all the five eco-
nomic impacts, reading “Attracts more investments
and spending”,
F
(4, 195)
1.0,
“Provides incentives for historical restoration”,
F
(4,
195)
=
6.290,
p
=
.000,
η
2
=
0.8, “Changes in local
traditions and culture”,
F
(4, 195)
=
5.094,
p
=
.001,
η
2
=
=
8.042,
p
=
.000,
η
1.2, and “Lowers quality of life culturally”,
F
(4, 195)
2
=
0.6. Residents of
group aged 20-29 years old believed that tourists
are keen to learn local cultures, while the residents
aged below 20 years observed that sports tourism
provides incentives for historical restoration and
lowers quality of life culturally. Residents of group
aged 30-39 years old complained that sports tour-
ism changes the local traditions and culture.
Report on ANOVA's tests observed significant
results for two environmental impacts namely
=
3.988,
p
=
.004,
η
2
=
0.8,
“Brings more positive than negative impacts”,
F
(4, 195)
=
5.017,
p
=
.001,
η
2
=
0.5, “Creates job
opportunities for outsiders than the locals”,
F
(4,
195)
=
3.597,
p
=
.007,
η
2
=
=
7.056,
p
=
.000,
η
2
=
1.1, “Increases stand-
ard of living”,
F
(4, 195)
0.7,
and “Benefits only certain groups of individuals”,
F
(4, 195)
=
4.555,
p
=
.002,
η
2
=
2.4. The group
of resident aged 50 years and above highly agreed
=
16.493,
p
=
.000,
η
2
=
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