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30. Michael Vickery, “Phnom Penh Decays behind a Bustling Cheerful Façade,” Canberra
Times , October 22, 1981.
31. “Julie Andrews to Seek Aid for Orphans,” New Straits Times , September 11, 1982.
32. Brian Eads, “Hatred of the Khmer Rouge Helps Unite Cambodians,” Observer , May 29,
1983.
33. Material from the Central Stasi Archives Berlin (GDR, State Security, HA II, April 26,
1983), provided by Bernd Schaefer, Woodrow Wilson International Center, Washington, DC.
34. Author interview with Ouk Bunchhoeun, October 2, 2012.
35. Gottesman, Cambodia after the Khmer Rouge , 102-3.
36. Until 1993, Cambodia's only criminal code was Decree-Law 2, passed by the PRK in June
1980, which interpreted all forms of offense under the rubric of “counterrevolutionary” dis-
sent. See ibid., 241.
37. Ibid., 53-4, 60 and 75.
38. Ibid., 131.
39. Shortly after the Congress, Hanoi veterans Chea Soth and Bou Thang were removed as min-
isters of planning and defense in favor of Chea Chanto, a former National Bank of Cambodia
employee who now serves as the bank's governor, and Koy Buntha, another young techno-
crat. For the make-up of the KPRP Central Committee as of late 1985, see Michael Vickery,
Kampuchea: Politics, Economics and Society (London: Frances Pinter, 1986), 80-1. By the
2000s three notable Hanoi veterans—Bou Thang, Say Phouthang, and Chea Soth—still re-
tained leading positions on the Central Committee of the Cambodian People's Party, the suc-
cessor to the KPRP. At the national level, however, they wielded little power.
40. Regarding the border agreements, see Gottesman, Cambodia after the Khmer Rouge , 209-11.
See also Ramses Amer, “Border Conflicts between Cambodia and Vietnam,” IBRU Boundary
and Security Bulletin (Summer 1997): 80-8, at 81-2.
41. These details are taken from the author's interview with Pen Sovan, January 27, 2014. On
previous occasions, Sovan has accused Hun Sen himself of responsibility for Chan Si's death.
See “Sam Rainsy Uses Pen Sovann to Attack Hun Sen's Background,” Cambodia Daily , May
1, 1998. Regarding allegations of Hun Sen's involvement in Chan Si's death, see Slocomb,
The People's Republic of Kampuchea , 143-4; Gottesman, Cambodia after the Khmer Rouge ,
134.
42. Author interview with Khieu Kanharith, March 13, 2013.
43. Gottesman, Cambodia after the Khmer Rouge , 208.
44. Email correspondence with Jacques Bekaert, December 2012.
45. Author interview with Khieu Kanharith, March 13, 2013.
46. Gottesman, Cambodia after the Khmer Rouge , 333.
47. Ibid., 331-2.
48. Ibid., 329.
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