Dynamic Behavior of Concrete: Constitutive Models - Dynamic Behavior of Concrete and Seismic Engineering - page 60

2.1.5. Loading path
Dynamic loading induces strains and stresses which are described mainly locally
as waves. The propagation and reflection of the waves lead to stress tensor
components that vary within a wide range. For impacts from a solid, the normal
stress components can range from a tensile value to a compressive value causing
compaction. During perforation and mostly during the “tunneling” phase, shears
reach large absolute values and large rotations of the main stress tensor axes may
take place locally. Thus, the concrete shear behavior with a wide range of pressures
or mean stresses has to be known.
Figure 2.5. Triaxial compression tests on MB50 concrete.
Loading paths in the deviatoric- mean stress plane (from [BUZ 99])