Models for Simulating the Seismic Response of Concrete Structures - Dynamic Behavior of Concrete and Seismic Engineering - page 267

10

8

6

4

2 vol 3 vol 1

0

-2 vol 2 vol 4

-4

-6
-8

-10

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10

X-average displacement (cm)

Figure 7.29. Y-average displacement as a function of the
X-average displacement in the USV3 test

The displacements applied during the USW3 test are presented in Figure 7.29.
Two program levels (± 4 cm and ± 8 cm) were involved. They were applied in a
“butterfly-wing” manner: cycle n° 1 (vol 1 in the figure) carried out in the direct
direction (clockwise), then cycle n° 2 (vol 2) in the indirect direction (anti-
clockwise), then cycle n° 3 (vol 3) in the indirect direction and finally cycle n° 4
(vol 4) in a direct direction as well. Afterwards the same procedure was used for the
upper level, which led to failure during cycle n° 4 as shown by Figure 7.29.

Modeling and comparison with experimentation

Upper
Sole

Wall

Figure 7.30. Finite element mesh of the U-shaped non-rectangular wall