Models for Simulating the Seismic Response of Concrete Structures - Dynamic Behavior of Concrete and Seismic Engineering - page 250

soil foundation or by using an integrating interface element, the softening of the
support and the non-linear effects associated with the behavior of the support and
the uplifts [CRE 01].
7.4. A few examples with their validation through experiments
Because of the complex phenomena they reproduce, and therefore the number of
law parameters they use, using non-linear models involves permanent confrontation
with results from shaking table, pseudo-dynamic and static tests. The experimental
results used here come from tests carried out with the CEA AZALEE shaking table
(Saclay-France) and the JRC ELSA reaction wall (Ispra-Italy) within the scope of
two research programs dealing with reinforced concrete building structures, namely:
- the French CAMUS (Conception et Analyse des Murs sous Seisme)
program; and
- the ECOEST-ICONS (Innovative Seismic Design Concepts for New and
Existing Structures) European programs.
7.4.1. Application of the semi-global method to a four-storey structure
Within this context, validating non-linear calculation models first requires using
the results from elementary tests on structure elements like columns, then applying
these models to several-storey structures in which each element is submitted to
series of complex and realistic loadings. The second stage notably allows the quality
of the hypotheses linking the different elements to be checked. In the next section,
we present a few results derived from the second phase of the study on an RC frame
in a “multi-fiber beam” modeling context.
7 .4.1.1. Experimentation
Within the framework of the ECOEST-ICONS European projects, two scale-1,
4-storey reinforced concrete frames were tested on the Ispra (Italy) JRC reaction
wall using the pseudo-dynamic method. Both frames had the same dimensions and
reinforcements, and differed only in the presence of masonry in filled walls (Figure
7.12 and [COM 96]). The reinforcement in these frame structures use building
arrangements similar to those used from 1940 to 1970 in Mediterranean countries:
smooth steel-bars, insufficient numbers of widely spaced stirrups with regard to
current standards, and low reinforcements at nodes. The unfilled walls were made of
perforated clay bricks.