Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Evidence Rating
a
Taxa
Frequent, Common
Name(s)
Reports
(Cases)
Reported Effects {Comments}
Reference
Rhabdophis tigrinus
d
(Plate 4.46A-
G) Tiger keel-back, Yamakagashi;
Japanese garter snake; Red-sided
water snake
12 (24)
An, ARF, BG, BL, BV, CCo (DIC), E, Ecc, H,
HA, Hep, HT, F, L, LOC, Ly, Mel, N, P, PA, Thp,
V {In the case reported by Mandell et al. (1980),
“massive” ecchymoses of right thigh occurred
after bruising during postenvenoming “collapse”
(two episodes). This report also included a case
involving an unidentified species. This case is not
included in the tally. Similarly, Kono and Sawai
(1975) reported “severe” Ecc in their patient
who was treated with multiple transfusions. Plate
4.45C shows severe ecchymoses in a patient with
serious
R. tigrinus
envenomation. Kikuchi et al.
(1987) reported that one patient exhibited “pre-
shock.” A fatal pediatric case reported by Ogawa
and Sawai (1986) featured brain hemorrhage
involving the left temporal and occipital lobes
with intraventricular perforative involvement
(see Plate 4.46D). Multiple transfusions and
dialysis did not alter the fatal course in the case
reported by Nakayama et al. (1973) (translated
by Mittleman and Goris, 1978). Sakai (2007)
reviewed
R. tigrinus
envenoming. See Section 4.3
for further discussion}
Sakamoto (1932);
Nakayama et al. (1973);
Mittleman and Goris
(1974); Kono and Sawai
(1975); Mittleman and
Goris (1978); Mandell
et al. (1980); Mori et al.
(1983); Wakamatsu et
al. (1986); Kikuchi et al.
(1987); Nomura et al.
(1989); Matsuda et al.
(1990); Orlov et al. (1990);
Akimoto et al. (1991);
Sakai and Hatsuse (1995);
Sakai (2007)
A
