Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Evidence Rating
a
Taxa
Frequent, Common
Name(s)
Reports
(Cases)
Reported Effects {Comments}
Reference
Liophis
spp.
(species unidentified)
(Plate 4.29 shows
L. anomalus
)
Central and South American ground
snakes (approximately 49 species;
shares this general common name
with several other genera, e.g.,
Atractus
spp.)
1 (258)
E, Er, L, P, Pr, “local hemorrhage” {Reported as
part of a retrospective review (see text), original
case documentation unavailable, and species
identification/verification are unknown. Pr was
present in 2.2% of reported cases; L and P were
most common (32.6% and 39.1%, respectively)}
Salomão et al. (2003)
C/D
Liophis miliaris
b
(Plate 4.29B and
C) Military swamp snake, Military
ground snake; cobra d' agua; Jararaca
do tabuleiro; others
2 (2) Note: One
of these cases
is probably
included in
the previously
summarized
genus-specific
review by
Salomão et al.
(2003)
BL, Co, E, H, P, PA, Pr {One patient given
antivenom due to “serious symptoms of
hemorrhage” (Salomão et al., 2003). There is no
clinical evidence of any serious effects of bites
by this species. Larger specimens may be capable
of inflicting bites with more significant local
effects}
Santos-Costa and
Di-Bernadino (2001);
Salomão et al. (2003)
C/D
Liophis poecilogyrus
Venezuelan
swamp snake, Wied's golden belly
snake; culebra verdinegra; mboi
capitan, others
1
E, Er, P, PA {Salomão et al. (2003) reported
an anecdotal case of
L. poecilogyrus
bite that
reportedly resulted in local effects consisting
of “throbbing intense pain,” swelling, “local
hemorrhage,” as well as “lack of sensitivity,” and
“local decrease of temperature.” This species
probably only causes mild-to-moderate local
effects. More information is needed for full
evaluation of potential risks associated with
specific taxa of
Liophis
}
Amorós (2004)
C/D
