Representative Lethal Potency Ranges and Yields of Duvernoy’s Secretions and Venoms from Selected Non- Front-Fanged Colubroid Snakes - "Venomous" Bites from Non-Venomous Snakes - page 281

Yield a Species (Family,

Subfamily)

Range of
Reported
Murine LD 50
mg/kg (Route) a

Reference

Liquid ( μ L) Dry (mg)

Thamnophis
elegans vagrans
(Natricidae,
Thamnophiinae)

0.71 0.057 13.85 (i.p.) Vest (1981a,b)

Natrix tessellate
(Natricidae)

0.16-0.76 NR 25.0 (i.v., MLD) Rosenberg et al.

(1985)

Cerberus
rynchops
(Homalopsidae)

10 NR NR Guinea et al.

(1992)

Enhydris
bocourti
(Homalopsidae)

NR NR 7.30 (i.v.) Sakai et al.

(1984)

Enhydris
chinensis
(Homalopsidae)

NR NR 2.05 (i.v.) Sakai et al.

(1984)

Homalopsis
buccata
(Homalopsidae)

NR NR 14.30 (i.v.) Sakai et al.

(1984)

Abbreviations: i.p., intraperitoneal; i.v., intravenous; s.c., subcutaneous; MLD, minimal lethal dose; NR, not reported.
a Aside from R. tigrinus yield, data obtained from macerated/dissected glands are excluded. Yields were obtained using
microcapillary pipette extraction of living specimens  sedation and/or parasympathomimetic stimulation (see text).
Some of the quoted figures are average or mean of multiple determinations. For greater detail regarding yields and
lethal potencies, see the text as well as Weinstein and Kardong (1994), and Mackessy (2002).
b Referenced data were published as an average of 30 extractions from six specimens.
c The mg/kg values are calculated from the published data (μg of “venom”/g lizard or mouse body weight).
d The ranges include intermediate values obtained from snakes of varying age and length. See the referenced studies for
specific details.