Delivery to Intracellular Targets by Nanosized Particles - Intracellular Delivery: Fundamentals and Applications - page 74

DOTAP 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane

DOTMA 1,2-di-O-octadecenyl-3-trimethylammonium propane

EPR enhanced permeation and retention

GAPDH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase

GFP green fluorescent protein

GPI glycosylphosphatidylinositol

HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells

IgG immunoglobulin G

LDL low density lipoprotein

LHRH luteinizing-hormone - releasing hormone

MDP muramyl dipeptide

MTP-Chol muramyl tripeptide cholesterol

MTP-PE muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine

NC nanocapsules

PACA poly (alkylcyanoacrylate)

PAMAM poly (amido amine)

PEG poly (ethylene glycol)

PEG-PMMA poly (ethylene glycol) - poly (methyl methacrylate) copolymer

PEI poly (ethyleneimine)

PIBCA poly (isobutylcyanoacrylate)

PIHCA poly (isohexylcyanoacrylate)

PLA poly (D, L-lactide)

PLGA poly (lactide - co -glycolide)

RGD Arg-Gly-Asp tripeptide

SAINT-2 N-methyl-4(dioleyl)methylpyridinium chloride

SiRNA small interfering ribonucleic acid

VEGF-R2 vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2

1 General Remarks About Drug Carriers

The use of drug carrier systems to improve the efficacy of therapeutic molecules
has been attracting attention over the last five decades. Among the different con-
structions that can be made to modify the distribution of an active molecule, col-
loidal or nanosized particles present a number of advantages (Barratt 2003 ). They
are large enough to transport a large number of guest molecules but small enough
(typically between 20 and 200 nm) to pass through some biological barriers and to
be taken up by cells.
The first form of colloidal particle to be considered as a potential drug delivery
system was the liposome (Ryman and Tyrell 1980 ). These particles, which were
first proposed as models of cell membranes, consist of one or more phospholipid
bilayers surrounding aqueous compartments. Water-soluble drugs can be entrapped
in the aqueous phase and lipophilic or amphiphilic ones can be inserted into the
lipid bilayers. According to the application, the particle diameter can be adjusted