Gene Therapy in Bone Regeneration: A Summary of Delivery Approaches for Effective Therapies - Intracellular Delivery: Fundamentals and Applications - page 822

Fig. 4 ( a ) Summary of non-viral gene delivery studies intended for bone regeneration. The
amount or the range of implanted DNA (mg/implant) reported in the published reports are shown
in the horizontal axis. Arrows indicate the DNA dose at which a bone formation was detected.
( b ) Experimental details of non-viral gene delivery studies intended for bone regeneration.
Abbreviations: BMP: bone morphogenetic protein, hPTH1-34: 34-peptide segment of human
parathyroid hormone 1, VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor, Runx2: runt-related transcrip-
tion factor 2 (Cbfa1), caALK6: constitutively active form of activin receptor-like kinase 6

Table 1 Summary of virus-mediated in vivo gene delivery for osteogenic induction
Gene Site Carrier Comments

BMP2 Ectopic AV Bone observed in athymic nude rats, none in immunocompetent

rats (Kang et al. 2004 ; Li et al. 2003a )
Immunosuppressant required for osteoinduction (Kaihara et al.
2004 )
No osteoinduction with BMP-2 AV injection in immunocompetent
rats; BMP-2 AV delivered in collagen led to bone formation
(Sonobe et al. 2004 )
Immunosuppression was required for bone formation (Okubo
et al. 2000, 2001a, b )
Endochondral bone formation was observed in athymic nude
rats, however an attenuated response was observed in
immunocompetent rats (Alden et al. 1999 )
Bone formation observed in muscle of immunocompetent rats
only with ischemic degeneration. No osteoinduction was
observed in the absence of muscle grafting (Gonda et al. 2000 )
(continued)