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Fig. 11 Near infrared imaging of nude mice with indocyanine green. Near infrared imaging
of nude mice 96 h after injection with ( i ) carboxylate terminated calcium phosphosilicate particles
without encapsulated dye (i.e., Ghost CPSNP), ( ii ) ICG free dye, ( iii ) PEGylated calcium phos-
phosilicate particles with encapsulated ICG. The near infra-red emitting nanoparticles accumulate
via enhanced permeation and retention in the xenografted breast cancer tumors (Reproduced from
Altınoğlu ( 2008 ). With permission)
at the tumor site; (Barth 2010 ) a promising result in the step towards improved
diagnostic tools, particularly for the early detection and diagnosis of cancers such
as pancreatic cancer.
5
Conclusions
Based on the progress made thus far and the continued use of calcium phosphate
based delivery systems over the past 37 years, it is apparent that the calcium phos-
phate material system has great potential as the delivery vehicle of choice. With
inherent properties such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and pH dependent solu-
bility paired with improved synthetic routes yielding colloidally stable and tar-
geted nanoparticles, calcium phosphate based systems are bound to enter clinical
trials for imaging and therapeutic applications (in addition to the current bone
treatment clinical trials) in the near future.
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