Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
may occur at any point of the endo-lysosomal pathway. Exosomal secretion is often
associated with transport of protein, mRNA and microRNA content between cells,
giving rise to specific cell signals. Therefore, LEVs can be used for both intra-
cellular and extracellular targeting simultaneously.
In summary, targeting therapeutic nanovectors to unique or multiple intracellular
sites can efficiently combat a particular disease at the site of origin of the disease.
Moreover, the design and physical properties of the nanovectors or nanovehicles can
be formulated based on the type of target desired to achieve the therapeutic goal.
6
Conclusions
Mass transport of drug carriers begins with the route of administration and moves
across epithelial and endothelial barriers, stromal barriers, and cellular barriers, as
well as an abundance of additional physical and chemical barriers that challenge
arrival at the target site and drug integrity. Unique characteristics that originate
from the tumor microenvironment have been summarized with an emphasis on
utilizing these traits to achieve preferential accumulation of imaging and therapeu-
tic agents at the cancer lesion. Nanoparticle carrier properties including size,
shape, density and surface chemistry dominate convective transport in the blood
stream, margination, cell adhesion, selective cellular uptake, sub-cellular traffick-
ing and localization. The understanding of transport differentials in cancer prom-
ises to enhance the development of lesion-specific delivery carriers that exploit
these transport differentials to achieve greater therapeutic efficacy and reduced
side effects.
References
Aglipay, J. A., Lee, S. W., Okada, S., Fujiuchi, N., Ohtsuka, T., Kwak, J. C., Wang, Y., Johnstone,
R. W., Deng, C., Qin, J. and Ouchi, T. (2003) 'A member of the Pyrin family, IFI16, is a novel
BRCA1-associated protein involved in the p53-mediated apoptosis pathway',
Oncogene,
22(55), 8931-8.
Ahting, U., Thieffry, M., Engelhardt, H., Hegerl, R., Neupert, W. and Nussberger, S. (2001)
'Tom40, the pore-forming component of the protein-conducting TOM channel in the outer
membrane of mitochondria',
J Cell Biol,
153(6), 1151-60.
Akagi, T., Kim, H. and Akashi, M. (2010) 'pH-dependent disruption of erythrocyte membrane by
amphiphilic poly(amino acid) nanoparticles',
J Biomater Sci Polym Ed,
21(3), 315-28.
Akinc, A., Thomas, M., Klibanov, A. M. and Langer, R. (2005) 'Exploring polyethylenimine-
mediated DNA transfection and the proton sponge hypothesis',
J Gene Med,
7(5), 657-63.
Allen, T. M. (2002) 'Ligand-targeted therapeutics in anticancer therapy',
Nat Rev Cancer,
2(10),
750-63.
Andre, N., Rome, A. and Carre, M. (2006) '[Antimitochondrial agents: a new class of anticancer
agents]',
Arch Pediatr,
13(1), 69-75.
Arteaga, C. L., Hurd, S. D., Winnier, A. R., Johnson, M. D., Fendly, B. M. and Forbes, J. T. (1993)
'Anti-transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta antibodies inhibit breast cancer cell tumorigenic-
ity and increase mouse spleen natural killer cell activity. Implications for a possible role of
Search WWH ::
Custom Search