Non-viral Gene Therapy - Intracellular Delivery: Fundamentals and Applications - page 603

PEO-PPO-PEO Poly(ethylene oxide)- b -poly(propylene oxide)-
b -poly(ethyleneoxide)
PHP Poly(4-hydroxy-L-proline)
PHPMA Poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]
PKA Protein kinase
PLA Polylactide
PLL Poly(L-lysine)
PLL-PA Palmitic acid conjugated PLL
PLGA Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)
PMA Phorbol myristate acetate
PMDS Poly(N-methyldietheneamine sebacate)
PNIPAm Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
POD PEG-diorthoester-lipid conjugate
POEs Poly(ortho esters)
PPA Polyphosphoramidate
PPA-EA Polyphosphoramidate with ethylenediamine
PPA-SP Polyphosphoramidate bearing a spermidine side chain
PPE-EA Poly(2-aminoethylpropylene phosphate)
PPG Polypropylene glycol
PPPs Polyphosphazenes
PPP-DMAE Polyphosphazenes with 2-dimethylaminoethanol side groups
PPP-DMAEA Polyphosphazenes with 2-dimethylaminoethylamine side groups
PSI Poly(L-succinimide)
QDs Quantum dots
RES Reticuloendothelial system
RGD Arg-Gly-Asp
SANS Small angle neutron scattering
SERS Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy
SPIO Superparamagnetic iron oxide
SWCNTs Single-walled CNTs
TM-Bz-CS Quaternized N-(4-N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl) chitosan
TM-CS Trimethylated CS oligomers

1 Introduction

Gene therapy has been considered to be a powerful approach for the treatment or
prevention of a variety of diseases from genetic disorders, infections, to cancer, by
producing bioactive agents or stopping abnormal functions of the cells such as
genetic disorder or uncontrollable proliferation. The success of gene therapy in the
clinic, however, is still limited due to the lack of safe and efficient delivery vectors.
Although over 400 clinical trials were carried out during the last 15 years, the
majority of them rely on viruses such as retroviruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated
viruses, lentiviruses, pox viruses, alphaviruses, and herpes viruses, to deliver the