Nanoparticles Enhanced Hyperthermia - Intracellular Delivery: Fundamentals and Applications - page 580

Table 3 Various antibodies conjugated with nanostructures used in PTT
Nano
structure Antibody Receptor Tumor cells

SWNT Folate moiety Folate receptor Murine mammary tumor line

EMT6 cells
(Zhou et al. 2009 ) breast,
lung, endometrium,
cervix, ovary, and renal
carcinoma cells
(Weitman et al. 1992 ;
Bagnoli et al. 2003 )

Nanocage Anti-HER2 antibody Epidermal growth

factor receptors
(EGFR)

Breast cancer cells
(Chen et al. 2007 ;
Au et al. 2008 )

Gold nanosphere Monoclonal F19

Antibodies

Human pancreatic cancer
tissue (Eck et al. 2008 )

Gold nanosphere Herceptin®

(monoclonal
antibody that
binds HER2/neu)

Human breast tumors
(Copland et al. 2004 )

SWNT Anti-CD22 Human Burkitt's

lymphoma cells in vitro
(Chakravarty et al. 2008 )

the nanoparticles so that the immune system cannot recognize them, which allows
them to prolong retention time in the circulation to accumulate in tumors (Lipka
et al. 2010 ).

3.2 Typical Materials and Optical Properties

3.2.1 Gold Nanospheres

Nanospheres are the simplest structures that can range in diameter from 2 nm to
several 100 nm (Cherukuri et al. 2010a ). The peaks are red-shifted with the increase
of nanosphere diameters. Spherical GNPs with 100 nm in diameter can only reach
the peak at 580 nm, while skin, tissues, and hemoglobin have a transmission window
from 650 up to 900 nm with a peak transmission at approximately 800 nm. This
barrier was solved with other shapes.

3.2.2 Gold Nanoshells

Gold nanoshells, one of core-shell materials, refer to a special structure of
nano-materials composed of a dielectric core (eg, silica) and gold formed a uniform
coating on its core. Compared with gold nanosphere, the core-shell structure with