Mass Transport via Cellular Barriers and Endocytosis - Intracellular Delivery: Fundamentals and Applications - page 28

Table 3 Summary on nanovehicles: likely uptake mechanism examples of drug carrier systems for intracellular and organelle-speciic drug delivery (Based
on Torchilin 2006 ; Prokop and Davidson 2008 )
Vehicle type Details Purpose Targeting mechanism

Logic-embedded vectors
(LEV) (Serda et al. 2010a )

Multiple nano-particulate entities
- porous silicon loaded with
chitosan or amine - SPIONS

Targeting late endosome,
cytoplasm and
perinuclear vesicles.

Receptor mediated endocytosis

Liposomes and solid lipid
nanoparticles (SLN)

Positively charged (Lipoplexes,
DOTAP)

Intracellular DNA delivery Endocytosis-independent (lipid rafts)

pH-sensitive (DOPF, oleyl alcohol,
morpholino-lipids)

Cytosolic drug delivery by
endosomal escape

Cytoskeleton-specific
immunoliposomes

Transfection into reversibly
hypoxic cells

Cell-penetrating peptide-modified
liposomes

Intracytoplasmic delivery of
drugs and DNA

pH-sensitive polymer-modified
liposomes (NIPAM)

Cytosolic drug delivery by
endosomal escape

DQAsomes Delivery of drug and DNA to

mitochondria

Magnetic Nanoparticles Cell-penetrating peptide-modified

particles

Intracellular penetration for
imaging purposes

Macropinocytosis or lipid-raft mediated

Adenoviral particle delivery Adenoviral particles or vectors (AdV) Intracellular siRNA delivery Endocytosis, receptor mediated

Cell permeating peptides (CPP) Amphipathic helical peptides -

Transportan

Nuclear or cytosol delivery Various endocytic mechanisms

including lipid rafts

Arginine rich peptides - Trans-
Activating Transcriptional
Activator (TAT)

Dendrimers Poly amidoamine (PAMAM)

dendrimers

Gene delivery Lipid raft-mediated or combination of

lipid-raft and caveolar endocytosis
for PAMAM dendrimers; surface
modified with ligand-HER2 mAb
via receptor-mediated endocytosis