Biosynthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles and Their Applications - Intracellular Delivery: Fundamentals and Applications - page 378

Table 1 Biosorption
NP Organism used Application Reference

Au Nitzschia obtusa, Navicula

minima

Bioaccumulation Chakraborty et al. ( 2006 )

Au Lyngbya majuscula, Spirulina

subsalsa, Rhizoclonium
hieroglyphicum

Bioaccumulation,
biorecovery

Chakraborty et al. ( 2009 )

Au Fucus vesiculosus Bioaccumulation,

biorecovery

Mata et al. ( 2009 )

Ag Pleurotus platypus Biosorption Das et al. ( 2010 )

Pt E. coli Biosorption, biorecovery

by incineration

Won et al. ( 2010 )

Au Sargassum sp. Biosorption, biorecovery

by incineration

Sathishkumar et al.
( 2010a )

aqueous solutions. In particular the microbial mechanisms involved in the biosorption
and bioaccumulation processes have been extensively studied in natural environments,
and researchers have recently gained interest in the applications of microbe-metal
interactions in biotechnology, nanotechnology or material engineering. The connection
between the recently discovered ability of NP biosynthesis and long-term investigated
biosorption is apparent. Since the field of biosorption is wide, there is abundance of
suitable and quality literature and reviews (Arief et al. 2008 ; Das 2010 ; Gadd 2009,
2010 ; Hennebel et al. 2009a ; Chojnacka 2010 ; Wang and Chen 2009 ; Lesmana et al.
2009 ; Barakat 2010 ; Kavamura and Esposito 2009 ; Volesky 2007 ; Vijayaraghavan
and Yun 2008 ). Furthermore, and without aspiration for more detailed probe, we will
discuss some examples and current trends of metallic NPs biosorption application,
specifically with regard to their application for metal bioaccumulation and recovery,
waste remediation, soil and water treatment. Additionally we will discuss the NPs
formation or ion bioreduction process. For more exhaustive analysis of biosorbed
and biofabricated palladium and platinum catalysts see also Sect. 3.2 .
As instance of noble metals biorecovery, Chakraborty et al. ( 2006 ) described
experiments of Au bioaccumulation with two diatom strains. These unicellular algae
organisms are one of the most abundant amongst the species both in marine and fresh
water ecosystems on Earth. Due to low detection limit and also with regard to biosorp-
tion of other radioactive heavy metals in previous studies, gold radionuclide 198 Au was
used. In subsequent study (Chakraborty et al. 2009 ), AuNP formation process was
described and comparison in biorecovery abilities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
algal genera was performed. Gold biosorption and bioreduction with another brown
algal Fucus vesiculosus was also reported (Mata et al. 2009 ), describing pH depen-
dence and stages of the bioreduction process. Results of these studies indicate that live
algal biomass may be a viable and cost effective for biorecovering of gold.
Bioaccumulation of silver ions Ag(I) from the solution or wastewater is reported
e.g. by Das et al. ( 2010 ), accompanied also with kinetics studies and thermody-
namic calculations on sorption of silver ions on gilled macrofungus Pleurotus
platypus . This paper represents a modern and innovative approach for the study of
interactions between biomass and metal ions.