Intracellular Delivery: A Multifunctional and Modular Approach - Intracellular Delivery: Fundamentals and Applications - page 204

directly into cells by energy independent electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding
(Vives et al. 2003 ), but the larger cargos get into cells by an energy dependent macro-
pinocytosis pathway (Wadia et al. 2004 ). Some examples relating to the intracellular
delivery of pharmaceutical nanocarriers by CPPs are presented in Table 1 .

Table 1 Examples of nanoparticles delivered using CPPs
Particle and CPP used Result References

Liposomes, TAT,
antennapedia,
octaarginine

Increased intracellular targeting
of airway cells.

Cryan et al. ( 2006 )

Liposomes, lipid-modified
TATp

Increased cellular uptake
in various cells.

Yagi et al. ( 2007 )

Sterically stabilized liposomes,
200 nm, TATp coupled
to the linker

Increased transfection in vitro
and in vivo.

Torchilin et al. ( 2003a )

Liposomes, polyarginine siRNA in R8-liposomes effectively

inhibited the targeted gene and
significantly reduced the
proliferation of cancer cells.

Zhang et al. ( 2006 )

Folic acid targeted, paclitaxel
loaded, TATp-modified
polymeric liposomes
(FA-TATp-PLs)

Increased intracellular uptake of
FA-TATp-PLs in both KB
and A549 cells and superior
toxicity in vivo in SCID mice
bearing KB nasopharyngeal
cancer.

Zhao et al. ( 2010 )

CLIO (MION) particles,
41 nm, TATp

Mouse lymphocytes, human natural
killer, HeLa, human
hematopoietic CD34+, mouse
neural progenitor C17.2,
human lymphocytes CD4+,
T- cells, B-cells, macrophages,
immune cells, stem cells. For
intracellular labeling, MRI,
magnetic separation of homed
cells, cell imaging.

Josephson et al. ( 1999 ),
Lewin et al. ( 2000 ),
and Dodd et al.
( 2001 )

PEG-Polylactic
acid micelles,
20-45 nm, TATp

Increased cytotoxicity of
doxorubicin
at acidic pH.

Sethuraman et al.
( 2008 )

pH-sensitive polymeric
micelles, 20-45 nm,
TATp

Increased uptake at pH 6.6
compared to pH 7.4.

Sethuraman and Bae
( 2007 )

Gold particles, 20 nm,
TATp

Increased intracellular
localization.

Tkachenko et al. ( 2004 )
and de la Fuente
and Berry ( 2005 )

Quantum dot-loaded
polymeric micelles,
20 nm, TATp coupled
to a linker

Concurrent imaging and
distinguishing tumor vessels
from perivascular cells
and matrix made possible.

Stroh et al. ( 2005 )

Nanocomplexes of PEI
and DNA, TATp

Increased transfection in
SH-SY5Y cells.

Suk et al. ( 2006 )

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