Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Our experiments indicate that if a higher regulatory circuit fails, a lower circuit
will gain dominance and take precedence over lesser signals that still exist in the
system; this way,
INIM function is maintained continuously under any circumstance
.
The INIM system produces CTKs continuously and defends the host during acute
illness/injury under any conditions, and the CTKs will signal any regulatory circuits
of the host organism that remain active. The INIM system never stops protecting the
host organism (Figure 1.2).
TLRs are expressed in most if not all tissues. Therefore, if a higher regulatory
system, such as the CNS, is injured or paralyzed, for instance, TLR could still signal
the system through lower circuits such as the pituitary, adrenals, thyroid, and gonads
and thus stimulate host resistance. TLR signaling is also possible at the CTK or even
at the cellular level, as all leukocytes express TLR. Thus, even extensive injury to the
host organism cannot prevent the INIM system from providing a defense, as TLR
could directly signal the immunocytes to respond and they would respond with the
function they normally perform. INIM always protects the host.
Memory T lymphocytes, B cells, and NK cells are able to survive major disasters
and bring back immune function once the crisis is over. During APR, the ADIM sys-
tem is suppressed by Tsrs and GCs, but not destroyed. The possibility of recovery
is present and ADIM function recovers after recovery from acute illness. Healing is
under hypothalamic regulation, with VP as the principal regulator.
The concept of age-related immune deficiency led to doom-and-gloom for the
prospects of aging. However, successful aging, without disease, has been observed.
Therefore, at this time it is clear that disease-free survival is possible until we reach
the natural limit of our life span.
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