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Fig. 3.14
TEM images (
a
-
e)
and SAED pattern (
inset
of
e
) of the semicrystalline titanium
phosphonate material. The circles in
e
highlight the intercrystalline micropores. Reprinted with
permission from Ref. [
73
]. Copyright 2011, Wiley-VCH
for mesoporous metal-organic framework material, MMOF-1, Cd(NO
3
)
2
, and
1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid (1,5-nds) were used as inorganic and organic
precursors, respectively, and nonionic triblock copolymer F127 was used as the
soft template in the acidic system. The controlled release of metal ions by crown
ether 1,10-diaza-18-crown-6 (NC) is necessary to slow down the coordination
rate between the inorganic and organic species and thus finally to retard nuclea-
tion kinetics and crystal growth of the MOFs around the micelles, resulting in the
final formation of well-structured hexagonal mesoporosity by the surfactant F127-
induced self-assembly process, with the mesopore walls constructed by crystalline
metal disulfonate [Cu(1,5-nds)(H
2
O)
2
]
n
. Other common ligands including ethyl-
enediamine, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, 2,2′-dipyridyl,
and ethylene diamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid) were also tried in order to
replace crown ether, but no ordered mesopores were observed in the dense crys-
talline products, and in some cases, impure phases related to the coordination of
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