Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
city sewage mixed with a lignocellulose material in the ratio 2:1 for the subsequent
composting at 28 °С and humidity of 70 %. A source for reception lignocellulose a
material can be scraps from city trees and (or) a grapevine. Compost it has appeared
it is suitable for improvement of properties of ground (Logsdon
1991
).
Impurity in city sewage in the form of the dissolved toxic organic connections,
emulsions or dispersions delete by passing it through the columns filled by sand,
glass, etc. at contact to warm air for increase in viscosity of liquids. The received vis-
cous liquid mixes up with a punched substratum adsorbing it, for example hay and
is punched by usual methods (Logsdon
1991
,
1993
). Organic impurity from sewage
were crushed and homogenated by the minerals containing potassium, such, as feld-
spar then were punched for reception of fertilizers. The mix can contain also СаSО
4
(for example, waste from neutralization SО
2
), bentonite and siliceous materials, for
example ashes, a dust, ore, lava material, etc.) ≥ 1 %, a material containing phos-
phate, for example ≥ 1 % of apatite and microcells, for example ore, slags, alloys, sea
seaweed or extracts from them. Process is suitable as well for reception of composts
from manure, waste of an agriculture, paper waste, waste of leather, textiles, waste
of food and the food-processing industry (Logsdon
1993
; Kjolhede
1994
).
2.7
Conclusion
In recent years, human activities have reached such a point of progress that the
recycling capacity of nature has been exceeded, and the accumulation of waste has
become a serious environmental and economic problem. To manage this, there is a
marked drift towards the use of new technologies, mainly based on biological pro-
cesses like composting for recycling and resourceful utilization of different organic
agro and industrial waste. It is obvious from the research that plant response varies
with the amount of compost in the growing substrate as well as with the type of
compost being used. Inoculants may be a useful tool in composting processes when
the capabilities of microorganisms are suitable for the characteristics of the waste
to be composted. Knowledge of different phases of composting and substrate com-
position is important for specific inoculation in composting and thereby maximum
biotransformation of organic matter can be achieved.
Compost products can vary. Strategy to further improve compost quality will be
continuously needed. The impacts of long-term use of composts as part of grow-
ing medium on soil and water quality have yet to be fully explored. An area where
knowledge needs to be strengthened is associated with the leaching of soluble or-
ganic carbon on ground and surface water quality, availability, and translocation of
compost metal, and the long-term availability of compost metal in soil. It without
a doubt is a valuable product as compost improves soil organic matter content,
nutrient availability soil aeration, and water holding capacity, and reduces soil bulk
density.
