Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
value of temperature composting were observed at speed of aeration 0.41 l/min kg
of organic substances (Thambirajah et al.
1995
).
2.6
Case Study of Compost with Different Substrates
Food processed materials and sewage waste substrate provide significant approach
in composting process. Both case studies are following:
2.6.1
Food Processed Materials
After extraction of sugar and a filtration of treacle as a withdrawal there is a sugar
flat cake and an oil cake which can be substrata for composting. Aerobic compost-
ing this flat cake during 6 week at its shovelling through everyone 4 day for pro-
viding of access of air, led to reception compost. In the beginning of fermentation
the relation С:N made 30.6. After 6-week fermentation it became equal 17.0-18.8.
For composting, it was not required any other additional substances and materials
(Chao et al.
1996
; Entry et al.
1996
). With the purpose of reduction of the ratio
C:N and by that decrease in losses of nitrogen during carrying out of process it
was spent composting a sugar flat cake together with an oil cake, taken in the ratio
2:1. The components mixed with each other, analyzed with an interval in 3-5 both
days compost were analyzed every week for definition of temperature, рН, NH
4
+
,
NO
3
−
, the general contents of nitrogen, loss of carbon and an index of germination
of seeds. Both mixes had thermophile a stage during 15-20 day and the further
temperature composting above an ambient temperature during 80 days fast splitting
organic substances in both mixes approximately during 40 day then there came the
period of stabilization was observed. Both mixes reached a maturity approximately
through 90 day, on what specified stable ratio С:N, low ratio NH
4
+
/NO
3
−
, absence
of allocation of heat and an index of germination of seeds which was above 80 %.
Mixing of a filtration flat cake 12-15 %. Addition of an oil cake can lead to even
greater reduction of loss of nitrogen during composting. Both composts can be used
for agriculture (Jones et al.
1995
; Chao et al.
1996
).
Composting bards of a sugar beet and on used loading investigated influence
of the nature of organic substance on two composts received composting the con-
centrated solutions bards of a sugar beet and 2 kinds of agricultural waste with
various amount of organic connections in waste of a grapevine and waste of cotton.
Composting it was carried out in the aerated heaps with mechanical hashing un-
der controllable conditions within 4 months. After 71 day of composting, to heaps
bards similar initial added the new portion. Change of temperature, value рН and
contents of inorganic nitrogen happened in both heaps. However the structure of
organic fractions depends on a kind of the added organic components to the bard.
Lower decomposition of organic connections was observed in a punched mix to
