Agriculture Reference
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application-dependent with its necessity preliminary of separation as initial frac-
tions contain up to 97 % of water and only 2-3 % of firm substances (Walsh et al.
1991 ) and the subsequent neutralization of liquid fraction (Imbeah 1998 ) which can
be added to a punched mix of firm waste for maintenance in them of a necessary
water level (Yu et al. 2011 ; Bernal et al. 1993 ; Haines 1995 ; Antil et al. 2013 ).
Composting pork manure with sawdust it is reached at mixing pork manure and
sawdust in compost heaps with usual and compulsory aeration. It is revealed, that
time of maturing compost is identical to usual and compulsory aeration (60 day),
but quality compost at compulsory aeration above. In this case there is also es-
sentially greater destruction of pathogenic microorganisms, such as Salmonella sp.
(Balakrishnan and Batra 2011 ). Composting one pork manure and other waste of
animal industries with waste of wheat and food waste it was spent in an isothermal
reactor in volume 10 m 3 . The temperature increased during processing waste up to
70 °C and above, and could remain such during 19 day even if process spent in win-
ter conditions when the temperature of air was below 0 °С. The amount which has
formed during processing of thermal energy was more, than necessary amount of
the electric energy which is required for heating. Hygienic parameters of the formed
product completely corresponded to sanitary requirements. Process proceeded well
except for small losses of nitrogen during aerobic processing. The end-product can
be used as fertilizer and for improvement of structure and quality of ground. The
best results turned out at aerobic processing a mix of waste of animal industries,
waste of wheat and food waste (Nandy et al. 2002 ).
It is investigated also composting the pork manure mixed with rice straw to de-
termine characteristics of 3 kind's aeration systems: compulsory aeration, passive
aeration and natural aeration. Results have shown that warming up of a mix during
composting is enough to satisfy requirements of standards of sanitary and to provide
maturing pork manure. Indexes of composting, including physical changes, such as
value рН, size of the general organic carbon, the contents of organic substances in
compost, size of the common nitrogen, moisture content, ratio С:N in firm particles,
ratio С:N in a water-soluble part, the contents of NH 4 + nitrogen, the contents of an-
ion nitrogen (NO 3 + NO 2 ) vary slightly at all 3 ways of aeration, except for a tem-
perature structure. The economic analysis has shown, that passive aeration is most
convenient for small pig-breeding farms, compulsory aeration should be spent on
pig-breeding farm average and big productivity with a high degree of industrializa-
tion. For avoidance of rise in temperature during composting up to high values, it is
necessary to spend the control of compulsory aeration over process (Atkinson et al.
1996 ). Instead of pork manure with success can be used bird's excrement which as
it is visible from Table 2.2 , possesses essentially higher parameters.
2.4.2
Composting of Vegetative Waste
The chemical compound and structure of the various vegetative wastes contain-
ing in the structure lignine cellulose materials, and also the microorganisms par-
ticipating in their transformation, are in details stated in recently left monographies
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