Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2.1 Raw sources of reception of composts
Household organic wastes
Agricultural and a garden-kitchen
garden organic wastes
Commercial and industrial
organic wastes
Waste of fruit and vegetables
Leaves
Agro industrial waste of
beer, tobacco, cotton
Shell of eggs and nuts
Scraps of a grass
Waste from industrial
reservoirs (seaweed, water
hyacinths), deposits from
sewage and drainage
systems
Waste of tea and coffee
Scraps of trees and bushes
Various kinds of city dust
Wood ashes, Flowers, garden
plants, the vegetative rests,
Toilet paper, packing paper,
brown, paper and so forth
The fallen down fruit, Waste from
the markets, The rests of agricul-
tural crops (roots, stalks, shanks,
Straw, Vegetative waste, from lawns
and parks
Waste of paper and timber
manufacture
Food waste Manure and lay-
ing for pets contents of toilets
Various kinds of manure of agricul-
tural animals and birds
Waste from agricultures
and farms
Various kinds of house dust
Corpses of the dead animals and
birds
Waste of the food- process-
ing industry
of a sugar beet, a cotton, fat, paper, wood and the brewing industries. This raw-
material base can be presented in the form of a Table 2.1 (Benito et al. 2006 ). It
is possible to add other kinds of waste which quantity on literary data annually
increases in 2-3 times (Aviani et al. 2010 ; Hartley et al. 2010 ).
Waste contained up to 60-80 % of the most various organic substances, the main
things from which are such high-molecular connections, as fibers, polysaccharides
and lignine. If fibers rather easily are exposed biochemical decomposition and
the subsequent mineralization cellulose and especially lignine are split essentially
worse and at them composting there are the greatest difficulties (Marr and Facey
1995 ; Tuomela et al. 2000 ). Many of these waste have high microbic infection,
promoting after activation of microorganisms occupying them to synthesis of corre-
sponding enzymes which split and partially saline the organic connections contain-
ing in them necessary as for development on them corresponding microflora, and
for biosynthesis of biologically active substances. Essential lack composting waste
of all kinds is duration of the process composting, sometimes proceeding during
many months. It is no wonder therefore, that the basic purpose of many publica-
tions—consideration of ways of acceleration of process composting on the basis of
deeper understanding of process, identification of microorganisms participating in
it, allocation and studying of the enzymes promoting splitting and a mineralization
of organic connections.
2.3
Key Parameters of Aerobic Composting
The main key parameters of aerobic composting include such as temperature, a
degree of aeration, moisture content and value рН in a punched mix.
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