Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
sediments are optimal, such as in newly created and fl uc-
tuating reservoirs and in acidic environments. In still
other cases, enhanced Hg supply and transformation pro-
cesses are compounded by low productivity in the pelagic
zone, resulting in increased bio-accumulation in the food
web. The links between Hg methylation in sediments and
uptake by aquatic organisms are poorly understood, par-
ticularly since Hg concentrations in sediments are often
not spatially linked to bio-accumulation in fi sh, as seen in
the Everglades and the Sudbury River. These linkages are
perhaps best understood in small, shallow aquatic systems
such as the Adirondack lakes but diffi cult to decipher in
large physically complex systems such as the Great Lakes
or complex fl owing systems. Hg methylation has been
most extensively studied in sediment, but there are sys-
tems in which water-column methylation processes may
be equally important, as in some eutrophic reservoirs and
potentially in systems such as the Great Lakes. Studies
of these greatly varied ecosystems in which Hg hot spots
have been created by both natural and anthropogenic pro-
cesses help us to understand and predict the conditions
under which there might be ecologic and human risk due
to Hg exposure.
Acknowledgments
This topic chapter was supported by funds from the United
States Department of Defense Strategic Environmen-
tal Research and Development Program (SERDP) Project
ER-1503 and by National Institutes of Health Grant P42
ESO7373 from the National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences. Support was also provided by the New
York State Energy Research and Development Authority
and the National Science Foundation.
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