Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
quality within protected areas; and the wider application of Free, Prior and Informed
Consent, together helped to build safeguards and new attitudes. But there is still a
long way to go: governments who treat minorities badly are unlikely to make an
exception within their protected area management. More examples of successful
collaborations are needed to build skills and confi dence, and attitudes need to
change within many government departments and NGOs.
22.9
Inspiring a New Generation
Young people represent a living and breathing force of great potential whose voices
must be heard, stories told, and experiences shared. This new generation must be
inspired to connect with nature (see Berchez et al.
2015
, in this volume [Chap.
23
]).
Three strategies are necessary:
• Connecting a new generation to nature by focusing on exciting and inclusive
ways of inviting people, who have not had outdoor opportunities, to connect with
nature in safe but transformative ways.
• Investing in children by addressing the challenges of connecting school age
children with nature in a world where nature is increasingly scarce, exploring
the benefi ts of, and examining innovative ways, in which they can experience
nature through exposure to parks.
• Empowering inspired young people by developing forums in which they can
engage in collective actions, networking, co-learning, experience-sharing, and
capacity-building/raising to inspire people across all generations to connect and
engage together for Parks, People and Planet.
22.10
Marine Protected Areas
Oceans and coasts face a wide range of threats, some of which are similar to threats
facing land ecosystems (e.g. invasive alien species, pollution, habitat loss, exploration
for mineral resources), while some others are specifi c to marine habitats (e.g., ocean
acidifi cation and warming, land-based run-off, unsustainable and/or illegal fi shing,
and dredging/sea dumping). Although the ocean is a critical source of food and
livelihoods for millions in coastal communities, many fi sh stocks have collapsed, or
are collapsing. Cooperation with the fi sheries sector to ensure sustainability needs
improvement and overfi shing and illegal fi shing still remain major threats in many
marine areas. Because the sea is traditionally and legally viewed as a commons,
privately protected areas are much less relevant than in terrestrial environments.
This means that policy priorities must continue to focus on persuading those with
decision-making power - communities, nations, and international organizations - of
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