Geoscience Reference
In-Depth Information
Zone
Latitude
90 ° -66°
A
B
66°-23°
C
D
23°-0°
0°-23°
E
23°-66°
F
66°-90°
Fig. 13.2 World map representing LTER networks with research outputs and data included in this
chapter ( colored areas ). The grey areas represent LTER networks whose research outputs and data
were not accessible. The white areas lack national-scale LTER networks. The geographical (latitu-
dinal) zones are the following: A = Arctic (> 66° N); B = North Temperate (66° N - 23° N); C =
North Equator (23° N - 0°); D = South Equator (0° - 23° S); E = South Temperate (23°S - 66°S);
F = Antarctic (> 66° S). For countries included in geographical zones A to F see Table 13.1
E = South Temperate (23° S - 66° S), south of the Tropic of Capricorn and north of
the Antarctic Circle
F = Antarctic (>66°S), south of the Antarctic Circle.
For each publication or other research output, the allocation to a geographic zone
was based on latitude of the place-names (when available), or based on country or
biome information if no more specifi c place-name was identifi ed. The list and num-
ber of LTER networks per geographic zones and countries are given in Table 13.1 . 6
The origin of researchers was identifi ed based on the location of the national LTER
network from which the titles of the publications were obtained. For example, a
research output listed by the US LTER concerning Antarctica would be coded as:
Researcher's Origin = Zone B; Research Subject = Zone F.
Regarding which geographic zones are being studied at ILTER sites, the number
of publications of articles and other research outputs excluding meta-data is similar
in the Northern (56.6 %) and the Southern (43.4 %) hemispheres (Table 13.2 ).
However, the production of meta-data is markedly concentrated in the Northern
Hemisphere (95.3 %). The ratio of research outputs to meta-data (RO/M-D) is
noticeably contrasting between two hemispheres: In the Northern Hemisphere the
RO/M-D is 38.7 times greater than in the Southern Hemisphere. 7
6 There is no code for a 'global' zone, because among ILTER publications only few papers included
research at a global scale.
7 Caution should be exercised in interpreting this ratio because the generation and use of meta-data
in the production of research outputs is not well characterized within LTER, and because indexed
meta-data may itself refer to other sets of meta-data that have as yet uncharacterized extents.
 
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