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Citations
Citations should be punctuated as if they were parenthetical remarks.
In [2] such cases are shown to be rare.
In (Wilson 1984) such cases are shown to be rare.
Some journals typeset citation numbers as superscripts, in which case this example
becomes “In 2 such cases are shown to be rare”. Never treat a bracketed expression,
whether a citation or otherwise, as a word.
Such cases have been shown to be rare [2].
Such cases have been shown to be rare (Wilson 1984).
Wilson [2] has shown that such cases are rare.
Wilson has shown that such cases are rare [2].
Wilson (1984) has shown that such cases are rare.
The cite should be close to the material it relates to—poor placement of cites can be
ambiguous.
n 2
The original algorithm has asymptotic cost O
but low memory usage, so
it is not entirely superseded by Ahlberg's approach, which although of cost
O
(
)
(
)
n log n
requires a large in-memory array (Ahlberg 1996; Keele 1989).
Since Ahlberg did not recognize the array as a problem and does not describe the old
approach, this sentence is misleading.
n 2
The original algorithm has asymptotic cost O
but low memory usage
(Keele 1989). Thus it is not entirely superseded by Ahlberg's approach
(Ahlberg 1996), which, although of cost O
(
)
(
n log n
)
, requires a large in-
memory array.
The placement of citations depends partly on the citation style used. With the super-
script style, for example, it is usual to try and place citations at the end of the sentence.
 
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