Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
classification of Heliantheae is currently supported by data suggesting that
Phoebanthus
is sister to
Helianthus
(Schilling 2001; Schilling and Panero 2002)
and that these two genera are sister to another clade containing
Pappobolus
(previously considered South American
Helianthus
),
Simsia
,
Tithonia
, and some
Viguiera
species (Schilling and Panero, 1996, 2002; Schilling 2001). The genus
is native to temperate North America and contains 14 annual and 37 perennial
species (Schilling 2006)
(
Tables 1-2
and
1-3
).
The identification of sunflower species has long been problematic.
Heiser et al. (1969) concluded that the greatest contribution of sustained
efforts to understand sunflower taxonomy was not to provide an easy way
to identify sunflower species, but rather to provide explanations for why
Table 1-2
Infrageneric classification of annual
Helianthus
species (Schilling and Heiser
1981; Schilling 2006).
Section
Species
Common
Chromosome
Name
Number (n)
Helianthus
H. annuus
L.
Prairie
17
H. anomalus
Blake
Anomalous
17
H. argophyllus
T.&G.
Silver-leaf
17
H. bolanderi
A. Gray
Bolander's,
17
Serpentine
H. debilis
ssp.
debilis
Nutt.
Beach
17
ssp.
cucumerifolius
(T.&G.) Heiser
Cucumber- leaf
17
ssp.
silvestris
Heiser
Forest
17
ssp.
tardiflorus
Heiser
Slow-Flowering
17
ssp.
vestitus
(Watson) Heiser
Clothed
17
H. deserticola
Heiser
Desert
17
H. exilis
A. Gray
Serpentine
17
H. neglectus
Heiser
Neglected
17
H. niveus
ssp.
niveus
(Benth.) Brandegee
Snowy
17
ssp.
tephrodes
(Gray) Heiser
Ash-Colored,
17
Dune
H. paradoxus
Heiser
Pecos, Puzzle,
17
Paradox
H. petiolaris
ssp.
canescens
(A. Gray)
Gray
17
E.E. Schilling
ssp.
fallax
Heiser
Deceptive
17
ssp
. petiolaris
Nutt.
Prairie
17
H. praecox
ssp.
hirtus
Heiser
Texas
17
ssp.
praecox
Engelm. & A. Gray
Texas
17
ssp.
runyonii
Heiser
Runyon's
17
Agrestes
H. agrestis
Pollard
Rural,
17
Southeastern
Porteri
H. porteri
(A. Gray) J. F. Pruski
Confederate
17
Daisy, Porter 's
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