Biomedical Engineering Reference
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fig. 4.2. higher primate ancestral tree showing that chimpanzees are more closely
related to humans than to any other living primates, and that the now-extinct
neanderthals co-existed with humans for a while and are very closely related to us.
Also shown is the divergence of the hominid (apes and humans) line from old World
monkeys about 25 million years ago (mya).
45,000 and 80,000 years ago, probably in the middle east, where humans
migrating out of Africa first encountered neanderthals.
lead author of a neanderthal genome research article, richard Green
(Green et al. 2010), from the University of California, santa Cruz, de-
scribes the importance of the work, “The neanderthal genome is a gold
mine of information about recent human evolution, and it will be put to
use for years to come” (quoted in Ansari, 2010).
human Genome Project: human values
in this section we examine the interface between our increasing genomic
knowledge and human values. specifically, we look at the ethical, legal,
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