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only memory” (CD-ROM) in 1983. The first music recorded on a CD was Richard
Strauss's Alpine Symphony in 1981. On March 2, 1983, CD players and several
disks were released in the United States, which started a boom.
These disks were soon applied to personal computers, although briefly com-
peting devices such as the Bernouli Box and the Iomega Zip Disk competed but
were soon bypassed by CDs that could be written on as well as read from. The
huge storage capacities of these CDs allowed whole software packages such as
Microsoft Office to be delivered on a single disk, as opposed to dozens of floppy
disks.
In the next decade, the even higher-capacity “digital versatile disks” (DVDs)
would become popular for both movies and very high-capacity computer storage
devices.
Although not a pure software organization, the famous Project Management In-
stitute (PMI) was founded in 1984. It has become well known for its certification
programs in various management disciplines. It has also created a large library of
books and papers called the PMI “body of knowledge,” or PMBOK.
Companies Formed During the 1980s
Table 7.1
shows a sample of companies that were founded during the 1980s. This
is a representative sample but far from complete. Thousands of local companies
serving a single geographic area were also created.
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