Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
, abdominal segment 3
(a)
(b)
dorsal line
Fig. 114 Larva of a moth - order Lepidoptera: (a) lateral view; (b) dorsal view.
Suborder ZEUGLOPTERA
Adults with functional mandibles but no pro-
boscis; venation of forewings and hindwings
similar; forewings with a fibula; hindwings with
costal spines but no frenulum. Larvae with
eight pairs of abdominal prolegs, each proleg
bearing a single terminal hook. Pupae exarate
and dectious.
costal spines. Larvae apodous. Pupae exarate,
with large, curved mandibles.
Superfamily ERIOCRANIOIDEA
2. Family ERIOCRANIIDAE
A small group of minute, day-flying moths, with
narrow, pointed wings; wings with a metallic
sheen. Larvae are apodous leaf miners; most
European species are associated with Betula,
especially young trees.
EXAMPLE: Eriocrania semipurpurella (a minor
pest on Betula).
Superfamily MICROPTERIGOIDEA
1. Family MICROPTERIGIDAE
A small group of minute, day-flying moths
with narrow, pointed wings; wings with a me-
tallic sheen. Although at least one species
(Micropterix calthella) is often abundant in grass
meadows on flowers of Ranunculus, the insects
are not of pest status; adults feed on pollen and
the larvae on mosses and liverworts.
Suborder MONOTRYSIA
Adults without functional mandibles; wings
aculeate; females with one or two genital open-
ings on the last (ninth) abdominal segment;
venation of forewings and hindwings similar;
forewings each with a long jugum; alternatively,
minute moths with reduced hindwing venation
and no jugum but, at least in males, a frenulum.
Suborder DACNONYPHA
Adults without functional mandibles; wings
aculeate; forewings with a fibula; hindwings with
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