Agriculture Reference
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spiracles conspicuous and often distinctly scle-
rotized; endoparasitoids, most species attacking
lepidopterous larvae and pupae.
EXAMPLES: Compsilura spp., Nemorilla spp.,
Pales spp., Phryxe spp.
26. Family CALLIPHORIDAE
(bluebottles, greenbottles, flesh flies, etc.)
Fig. 111 Antenna of a calyptrate fly - series
Schizophora, Calyptratae.
A very large group of flies, including parasitic,
predatory and saprophytic species; hypopleural
bristles present; postscutellum indistinct or ab-
sent (cf. family Tachinidae); adults often blue or
green (subfamily Calliphorinae). Larvae either
scavengers or parasitoids.
EXAMPLES: Lucilia sericata (sheep maggot fly),
Pollenia rudis (cluster fly), the latter a
parasitoid of earthworms.
27. Family SCATHOPHAGIDAE
(p. 196 et seq.)
Adults without hypopleural bristles and with the
lower thoracic squamae reduced to membranous
folds: usually predacious on small insects. Larvae
of variable habits but usually phytophagous or,
including those of the well-known Scathophaga
stercoraria (yellow dung fly), saprophagous.
EXAMPLE: Nanna spp. (timothy flies).
Fig. 112 Lateral view of the thorax of a parasitic fly
- family Tachinidae.
24. Family GASTEROPHILIDAE
Large, relatively hairy flies with vestigial
mouthparts, sharing similar features to members
of the family Oestridae (q.v.) but squamae very
small. Larvae are internal parasites of horses and
certain other large-bodied mammals.
EXAMPLE: Gasterophilus intestinalis (horse bot
fly).
28. Family ANTHOMYIIDAE
(p. 197 et seq.)
A large group of house-fly-like species in which
hypopleura bristles are absent (cf. family
Tachinidae). Larvae (Fig. 113) maggot-like, with
often characteristic cephalopharyngeal skeleton,
anterior and posterior spiracles and posterior
tubercles; in common with most other groups
(not family Agromyzidae, q.v.), the long axis of
the mouth-hooks is more or less continuous with
the rest of the mouthparts (Fig. 113c). Larvae
mainly phytophagous.
EXAMPLES: Delia antiqua (onion fly), Pegomya
hyoscyami (mangold fly).
25. Family TACHINIDAE (parasitic flies)
Adults with large squamae and resembling house
flies (family Muscidae), but with a strongly
developed postscutellum and with hypopleural
bristles (Fig. 112) (cf. family Anthomyiidae);
arista usually bare. Larvae maggot-like but with
indistinct segmentation and tapered only slightly
anteriorly; anterior spiracles small; posterior
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