Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
yellowish-green to brownish; head yellowish-
brown; prothoracic plate brown; anal plate pale
brownish-yellow; anal comb with six to eight
prongs.
Olethreutes lacunana (Denis & Schiffermiiller)
Dark strawberry tortrix moth
This generally common, polyphagous species oc-
curs mainly on herbaceous plants and is some-
times very damaging to strawberry crops grown
under cloches. Other hosts include apple, field
bean and raspberry.
Fig. 296 Dark strawberry tortrix moth, Olethreutes
lacunana (x6).
BIOLOGY
The winter is passed as young hibernating larvae.
These become active in early spring, sheltering in
spun leaves and feeding avidly on foliage and
flowers. They eventually pupate, and adults ap-
pear from May or June onwards. These adults
lay eggs in pairs or in small groups on the leaves
of host plants. These eggs hatch 2-3 weeks later.
Larvae of the summer brood feed up to produce
adults in August or September. In some situa-
tions this species completes just one generation
in a year, overwintering in the pupal stage.
BIOLOGY
Adults are active in May and June, and often fly
in sunny weather. Eggs are deposited singly on
leaves growing close to developing fruitlets. The
eggs hatch about 2 weeks later. Larvae then at-
tack the fruitlets. They graze on the skin and also
penetrate deeply into the flesh. Unlike other re-
lated species, the larvae web fruitlets and adja-
cent leaves together with strands of silk, amongst
which particles of frass expelled from their feed-
ing galleries accumulate; galleries in infested
fruits, however, are typically frass-free (cf.
codling moth, Cydia pomonella, p. 218, and plum
fruit moth, C. funebrana, p. 217). In late June or
early July, the fully-fed larvae seek shelter on the
bark of host trees and spin hibernacula. They
then overwinter and pupate in the spring, shortly
before the emergence of the adults.
DESCRIPTION
Adult 15-18 mm wingspan; forewings whitish-
ochreous to greyish-ochreous, marked with
olive-green and brownish-black; hindwings
brownish-grey (Fig. 296). Larva up to 14 mm
long; body narrow and mainly dark: purplish-
brown; pinacula blackish; head, prothoracic plate
and anal plate blackish-brown; anal comb black-
ish, with five long teeth. Pupa 8-10 mm long,
dark brown; cremaster bluntly tapered and with
relatively long, hooked spines (Fig. 283d).
DESCRIPTION
Adult 9-11 mm wingspan; forewings dark pur-
plish-brown basally and centrally, orange
apically; hindwings dark brown (Fig. 297).
Larva up to 6 mm long; body whitish; pinacula
light brown; head, prothoracic plate, anal plate
and anal comb brown.
Pammene rhediella (Clerck)
Fruitlet-mining tortrix moth
This species is a pest of apple and plum. The
larvae mine within the developing fruitlets that
then either drop prematurely or, if damaged only
superficially, will mature on the tree and bear
corky scars.
Spilonota ocellana (Denis & Schiffermiiller)
Bud moth
This pest is of local importance on fruit trees and,
less often, cane' fruits. The larvae bore into the
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