Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
attack buds and young leaves. Most larvae are
fully grown in late May or June. They then pu-
pate in spun leaves and adults emerge several
weeks later.
DESCRIPTION
Adult female 20-28 mm wingspan; forewings
purplish-ochreous, with darker reticulated mark-
ings and with a dark apical spot; hindwings
brownish-grey. Adult male 19-23 mm wing-
span; forewings purplish-ochreous to dark
purplish, with bluish, yellow and dark chestnut-
brown marking; hindwings grey, orange-tinged
apically (Plate 12a). Larva up to 22 mm long;
body green to greyish-green; pinacula pale
greenish; head brown; prothoracicplate chestnut-
brown with dark markings and a pale anterior
margin; anal plate green or grey (Plate
12b). Young larva yellowish; head black.
Fig. 286 Male carnation tortrix moth,
Cacoecimorpha pronubana (x6).
brown; hindwings mainly orange. Adult male
12-17 mm wingspan; forewings orange-brown,
with reddish-brown and blackish markings;
hindwings orange with a blackish border (Fig.
286). Larva up to 20 mm long; body olive-green
to bright green; pinacula pale green but incon-
spicuous; head yellowish-green or yellowish-
brown, marked with dark brown; prothoracic
plate and anal plate green, marked with dark
brown; anal comb green, often with six teeth.
Pupa 9-12 mm long, brownish-black to black;
cremaster long, tapered with eight strong spines
(Fig. 283b).
Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hiibner)
Carnation tortrix moth
This species is extremely polyphagous and at-
tacks a wide range of crops, including maize,
raspberry, strawberry and many ornamentals.
The larvae attack buds, leaves, flowers and fruits,
and can be very damaging. The pest is of African
origin and, in northern Europe, is most harmful
on protected crops.
Clepsis spectrana (Treitschke)
Straw-coloured tortrix moth
BIOLOGY
All stages of this pest may be found throughout
the year. However, it tends to occur in two main
generations, with adults flying in sunny weather
from May to June and from August to Septem-
ber. Eggs are laid on leaves in large, green, scale-
like batches. They hatch 2-3 weeks later. The
larvae feed voraciously, often sheltering in spun
leaves, but the rate of development varies con-
siderably depending on temperature. Pupation
occurs in a folded leaf or amongst other shelter,
and adults emerge shortly afterwards. Outdoors,
this species usually overwinters as small larvae.
This widespread moth is a pest of various glass-
house plants; infestations also occur on various
outdoor crops, including black currant, rhubarb
and strawberry. The larvae cause considerable
leaf damage, especially to the younger shoots,
and also attack buds and flowers.
BIOLOGY
Moths occur in two main generations, from June
to July and from August to September. Eggs are
deposited in small groups on the leaves of host
plants and they hatch 2-3 weeks later. Larvae
inhabit webbed leaves and may also spin the pet-
als of flowers together to form shelters. When
DESCRIPTION
Adult female 18-22 mm wingspan; forewings
pale orange-brown, reticulated with darker
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