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immune response to restrict bacterial invasion (Melotto et al.
2006
). It is suggested
that both H
2
O
2
and NO are synthesized in parallel, in response to ABA (Wang and
Song
2008
). Action of both ABI1-1 and ABI2-1 phosphatases occurs downstream
of NO synthesis (Desikan et al.
2002
).
6.4
Nitric Oxide-Target Proteins
Several proteomic and transcriptomic studies have led to the identifi cation of numer-
ous NO target proteins (Fig.
6.3
; Delledonne et al.
2003
; Polverari et al.
2003
;
Lindermayr et al.
2005
,
2006
; GrĂ¼n et al.
2006
; Belenghi et al.
2007
; Besson-Bard
et al.
2008b
). NO targets metal- and thiol-containing proteins, such as catalase and
peroxidase (Clark et al.
2000
), glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase,
thioredoxin, and glutaredoxin and these proteins are involved in redox signaling
system (Lindermayr et al.
2005
). NO induced an increased expression of a cDNA
Redox signaling system:
Catalase, Peroxidase, Glutathione-S-
transferase, Superoxide dismutase,
Thioredoxin, Glutaredoxin,
Glutathione S- reductase,
Glutathione peroxidase
Cell death program:
Caspases. Cysteine proteinase
NO
Ubiquitin proteasome system:
Ubiquitin enzyme
Phenolics biosynthesis:
Phenylanine ammonia-lyase,
Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase
Phytoalexin biosynthesis:
Chalcone synthase
Lignification:
Peroxidase
PR proteins:
PR-1, PR-2, PR-3
Fig. 6.3
NO-target proteins
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