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immune response to restrict bacterial invasion (Melotto et al. 2006 ). It is suggested
that both H 2 O 2 and NO are synthesized in parallel, in response to ABA (Wang and
Song 2008 ). Action of both ABI1-1 and ABI2-1 phosphatases occurs downstream
of NO synthesis (Desikan et al. 2002 ).
6.4
Nitric Oxide-Target Proteins
Several proteomic and transcriptomic studies have led to the identifi cation of numer-
ous NO target proteins (Fig. 6.3 ; Delledonne et al. 2003 ; Polverari et al. 2003 ;
Lindermayr et al. 2005 , 2006 ; GrĂ¼n et al. 2006 ; Belenghi et al. 2007 ; Besson-Bard
et al. 2008b ). NO targets metal- and thiol-containing proteins, such as catalase and
peroxidase (Clark et al. 2000 ), glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase,
thioredoxin, and glutaredoxin and these proteins are involved in redox signaling
system (Lindermayr et al. 2005 ). NO induced an increased expression of a cDNA
Redox signaling system:
Catalase, Peroxidase, Glutathione-S-
transferase, Superoxide dismutase,
Thioredoxin, Glutaredoxin,
Glutathione S- reductase,
Glutathione peroxidase
Cell death program:
Caspases. Cysteine proteinase
NO
Ubiquitin proteasome system:
Ubiquitin enzyme
Phenolics biosynthesis:
Phenylanine ammonia-lyase,
Cinnamate-4-hydroxylase
Phytoalexin biosynthesis:
Chalcone synthase
Lignification:
Peroxidase
PR proteins:
PR-1, PR-2, PR-3
Fig. 6.3
NO-target proteins
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