Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
• Transportation planning tools: to optimise routes, to manage vehicles and
crews (even in real time situations), or to model the traffic in order to evaluate
the different solutions.
The second element of SuSCM concerns the Green SCM that highlights the
environmental aspects of the supply chain. We have to note that since the main
goals of urban logistics solutions are environmental, so mental work must be done
on how to integrate them into Green Supply Chain Management strategies. It is in
the 1990s that the Green SCM found a recognition in the scientific literature
(Srivastava 2007 ). In this field, we find several concepts like the eco-conception
and eco-design (Michelini and Razzoli 2004 ; ADEME 2006 ), the reverse distri-
bution (Carter and Ellram 1998 ) and the reverse logistics (Rogers and Tibben-
Lembke 1999 ). Eco-conception and eco-design (related to product design, building
and infrastructures with environmental respect targets) are similar concepts that
have become popular in the 1990s decade (Michelini and Razzoli 2004 ; Le Pochat
et al. 2007 ). Eco-designing products and eco-conceiving infrastructures for
logistics purposes encourage a global approach designed to prevent or minimise
impacts emerging throughout the whole life cycle of products and infrastructures
concerning all types of environmental impacts.
In GrSCM, another important concept is that of reverse logistics, defined by
Lambert and Riopel ( 2003 ) as the environmentally efficient practices of recycling,
reusing and reducing amounts of material used. Dekker et al. ( 2004 ) refer to it as
the logistics process that concerns the integration of used and obsolete products
back into the supply chain as valuable resources. According to Rogers and Tibben-
Lembke ( 2001 ), it is important to distinguish the green logistics and the reverse
logistics concepts because they don't follow the same schemas, although several
common points can be found (see Fig. 1 ). The vision of Green logistics proposed
by the authors involve eleven domains, i.e. (1) energy and (2) materials conser-
vation, (3) efficient land-use, (4) traffic and congestion reduction, (5) air, (7) water
(8) visual, (9) smell and (10) acoustic pollution reduction and waste management,
for both (10) conventional and (11) hazardous materials.
Another ''global vision'' of reverse logistics is that of Lambert and Riopel
( 2003 ), who propose a combination of reverse distribution, green logistics and
reverse logistics measures and approaches and where the definition of each
component does not exactly meet that of Rogers and Tibben-Lembke ( 2001 )
(Fig. 2 ).
Fig. 1 Connections between reverse logistics and green logistics, according to Rogers and
Tibben-Lembke ( 2001 )
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