Direct Effects of City Logistics Measures and Urban Freight Demand Models - Sustainable Urban Logistics: Concepts, Methods and Information Systems - page 217

Table 2 Shop type choice model: parameter estimation for foodstuffs
Parameter Unit Alternative Value t-st value p value

Early morning 0/1 Small outlet 1.22 4.28 0.00

Woman 0/1 Small outlet 0.63 2.01 0.04

Saturday 0/1 Small outlet 0.70 2.30 0.00

ASA 0/1 Small outlet 8.40 2.89 0.00

Size of group Medium outlet -0.37 -2.33 0.02

Number of goods types Medium outlet 1.00 4.43 0.00

Money spent Euro Medium outlet 0.04 4.19 0.00

ASA 0/1 Medium outlet 8.17 12.00 0.00

Young 0/1 Large outlet 1.12 1.80 0.07

Departure from home 0/1 Large outlet -0.57 -2.52 0.01

Money spent Euro Large outlet 0.10 10.01 0.00

Time spent on purchases Minutes Large outlet 0.02 3.14 0.00

Number of goods types Large outlet 2.18 6.67 0.00

q 2

0.32

From the data and as we might expect, the purchases of clothing and other
products (unlike the previous ones) are generally made at shops (small retail
outlets) or shopping centers (large retail outlets). Table 4 reports the calibration for
clothing. The probability of choosing a shop increases if the customer is female,
travels early afternoon (i.e. before 4 pm) and on Sunday, and considerable time for
shopping is available. This result shows that customers prefer to go to large retail
outlets on Sunday and in the early afternoon because they have more time to spend
on shopping (including leisure).

Table 3 Shop type choice model: parameter estimation for hygiene and household products
Parameter Unit Alternative Value t-st value p-value

Departure from home 0/1 Small outlet -0.79 -1.97 0.05

Housewife 0/1 Small outlet 1.07 2.21 0.03

ASA 0/1 Small outlet 3.26 3.32 0.00

Number of goods types Medium outlet 1.89 5.60 0.00

Time spent for purchases Minutes Medium outlet -0.01 -1.28 0.20

Money spent Euro Medium outlet 0.01 1.52 0.13

Size of group Medium outlet -0.66 -2.81 0.00

ASA 0/1 Medium outlet 1.00 1.15 0.25

Number of goods types Large outlet 0.92 2.48 0.01

Time spent for purchases Minutes Small outlet 0.01 2.46 0.01

Young 0/1 Large outlet 0.77 1.60 0.11

Monday-Friday 0/1 Large outlet -0.53 -1.25 0.21

Money spent Euro Large outlet 0.01 1.50 0.13

Early morning 0/1 Large outlet -0.61 -1.41 0.16

q 2

0.29