Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 1
Typical opening hours for different types of activity sectors
Sector
Southern Europe
Northern Europe
Morning opening hours
Afternoon
opening hours
Opening hours
Private companies
09.00 to 14.00
16.00 to 19.00
08.00 to 18.00
Banks and public administrations
08.00 to 15.00
08.00 to 16.00
Bars and cafés
08.00 to 23.00
10.00 to 02.00
Restaurants
13.00 to 17.00
20.30 to 23.00
12.00 to 23.00
Retailer shops
10.00 to 14.00
17.00 to 20.30
09.00 to 18.00
Supermarkets
9.00 to 15.00
17.00 to 21.00
17.00 to 22.00
Fresh food markets
8.30 to 15.00
-
08.00 to 15.00
Malls
10.00 to 22.00
08.00 to 18.00
• Municipalities that issue urban freight distribution on the agenda, but without
urgency, because this type of problems is not viewed as urgent or relevant.
• Municipalities where urban freight distribution is not an issue because the
present situation in the town does not imply significant problems.
Especially those municipalities with an active policy attitude have indicated
that a town needs to have selective access restrictions to achieve a sustainable level
of mobility, and thus make use of access time windows. However, there is a
common paradoxical awareness that on the one hand standardization and objec-
tification of the time-window regulations are needed to provide a clear answer to
all logistics service providers involved. However, on the other hand there is
general understanding that traditional time window policies should upgrade to a
more differentiated access policy in order to gain more efficiencies in transport.
Some cities (their number has been slightly expanding) are experimenting with
stretching the access time windows and therefore avoiding the artificial 'peak' in
the urban freight deliveries at the same time. As an example of maximum
stretching the time windows currently there are cities that use the 'silent' trucks
developed in the PEAK-program (Logistiek.nl). The application of these trucks
allows carriers to perform loading and unloading activities before the time win-
dows close since the residents will not be confronted by noise. Customers of these
systems can even receive evening and night deliveries. This means better distri-
bution of supplies during the day and less congestion may occur. Shops must
nevertheless have staff available to ensure that the goods can be unloaded, and
municipalities must establish separate window times for silent trucks during the
early morning and evening.
Regional approaches to coordinate urban distribution policy measures (as for
example the GOVERA program in the Netherlands) have the intention to improve
urban freight distribution at regional level in such a way that the sector will
become more efficient and will lead to improvements for the municipalities by
means of more efficient, safer and cleaner trucks. In close consultation with
municipalities and logistics service providers, the possibilities for better matching
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