Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
500
400
To
Rectus
femoris
Hamstring
To
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
0
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
% Gait cycle
% Gait cycle
Tibialis
anterior
400
Gluteus
maximus
To
To
300
300
200
200
100
100
0
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
% Gait cycle
% Gait cycle
400
400
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
To
To
300
300
200
200
100
100
0
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
% Gait cycle
% Gait cycle
FIGURE 7.8
EMG activity from six major lower-limb muscle groups over one full gait cycle
(stance phase is 60% and swing phase is 40% of the gait cycle), To-Toe-off
event. (Adapted from Winter, D.A.,
The Biomechanics and Motor Control of
Human Gait: Normal, Elderly, and Pathological
, Waterloo Press, Waterloo,
1991.)
demand moment created by the GRF in a normal healthy subject at the knee
joint, a different type of joint moment (extending) can be seen in the cerebral
palsy patient (Figure 7.10b). This type of output can be used to quickly check
GRF effects on the joints during an activity. They hold limited quantitative
information regarding the actual joint moments and are not highly accurate
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