Statistical Methods - Text Mining Techniques for Healthcare Provider Quality Determination - page 81

Figure 8. Sample mean for sample size=100 and 1000 replicates
where each X is either 0 or 1 depending upon the presence or absence of an identified condition. This
value will clearly increase if more values of X are one, and will increase if more of the values with the
highest weights α are one. Therefore, the expected length of stay (or other outcome variable) will be
predicted larger if a provider can increase the number of nonzero X's. Since a provider can receive more
favorable outcomes, and increased reimbursements, the incentive to upcode is considerable.
Figure 9. Sample mean for sample size=1000 and 1000 replicates