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that patients with a higher risk of mortality do not always have the greatest length of stay or the highest
costs. Patients in Cluster 3 with serious infections may be discharged to home health once the infection
is initially treated. Similarly, patients with problems of drug abuse may be discharged to a psychiatric
facility or a drug rehabilitation center. Note that these patients have a lower amount of total charges, but
a higher length of stay compared to other clusters.
Figure 3 shows the probability density for length of stay; Figure 4 shows the density for total charges.
For Figure 3, the ordering is 8<5<2<1<9<10<7<3<4<6. There are some slight differences compared to
the ordering for the average values. Again, this occurs because of the outliers in some of the clusters.
Clearly, cluster 8 has the highest probability of a length of stay between 0 and 4 days, and the lowest
probability of a stay of 8 days or more. Cluster 6 has the lowest probability of a length of stay between
0 and 4 days. Generally, the cutpoint occurs at day number six, with the exception of the cutpoint for
cluster 8 that occurs at day number 4. Note that this is the same ordering as it is for the means, suggest-
ing that the outliers are not skewing the averages as much as it did for our first example.
Figure 4, for total charges is not so clean, with the ordering somewhat confused. While the general
ordering for the probability of low charges is equal to 4<1<2<10<3<5<7<9<6, it is difficult to place
cluster 8 as it is shifted to the right of the other clusters. In addition, cluster 6 has the fewest number of
patients, and the bandwidth is too large for an accurate depiction of that probability distribution.
We next want to compare the results using text mining to those of the indices in the previous chapters
that specify a list of patient conditions.
Table 7. Length of stay and total charges by revised cluster
Cluster
ID
N Obs
Variable
Mean
Std Dev
Minimum
Maximum
N
1
35484
LOS
TOTCHG
4.3271708
21099.41
5.6830914
36398.82
0
29.0000000
140.0000000
954673.00
35483
35118
2
30608
LOS
TOTCHG
4.0709665
19668.37
5.5011898
27756.17
0
26.0000000
266.0000000
805168.00
30606
30225
3
62321
LOS
TOTCHG
6.3920055
29854.70
9.1064411
53636.12
0
29.0000000
361.0000000
998508.00
62318
61549
4
9838
LOS
TOTCHG
6.9217321
13804.80
9.8362611
22434.25
0
35.0000000
242.0000000
746092.00
9838
9809
5
28634
LOS
TOTCHG
3.8345791
24567.71
5.4602312
29502.42
0
35.0000000
325.0000000
669559.00
28630
27968
6
7971
LOS
TOTCHG
7.9941029
51977.70
11.4332685
78645.89
0
52.0000000
270.0000000
998088.00
7970
7849
7
33194
LOS
TOTCHG
5.3695502
24605.86
6.5327041
26415.07
0
29.0000000
335.0000000
877351.00
33189
32739
8
9340
LOS
TOTCHG
2.8922797
18061.29
6.0833226
17559.88
0
35.0000000
364.0000000
700591.00
9339
9194
9
55198
LOS
TOTCHG
4.9769182
33038.66
5.7734597
43700.06
0
45.0000000
285.0000000
985950.00
55195
54481
10
32328
LOS
TOTCHG
5.1153525
25939.36
6.6699273
40362.08
0
35.0000000
226.0000000
926560.00
32327
31889
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