Protein Kinases and Phosphatases Involved in ABA Signaling - Abscisic Acid: Metabolism, Transport and Signaling - page 158

genetic links among them in ABA-signaling pathways. The multiple cross talks
between them should provide additional layers of regulation to fine-tune plant
ABA and stress responses. Future molecular, cellular, genetic, genomic, and phos-
phoproteomic (combined with mass spectrometry) studies should lead to more
precise understanding of specific and redundant roles of the identified protein
kinases and phosphatases especially through identifying new in vivo substrates
of these kinases and phosphatases, and to finding new members of these protein
kinase/phosphatase families and additional, new kinase and phosphatase families
functioning in the ABA-signaling networks. These future studies should provide
new insights into the reversible protein phosphorylation-mediated ABA signaling
to understand its integrated roles in diverse biological responses in plants.
Acknowledgments The authors thank all colleagues who provided unpublished results and
apologize to those whose research was not discussed due to page limitation. The research on
protein kinases and phosphatases in the author's laboratory was supported by the grants from the
National Key Basic Research Program of China (2012CB114300-002), National Natural Science
Foundation of China, and the Ministry of Agriculture of China (Grant 2013ZX08009003).
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