Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
s surface
are linked to mantle-core dynamics. LIP interaction with upper crustal rocks
may have huge environmental implications and they provide a direct link between
plume-generating processes in the deepest mantle and the atmosphere and
biosphere. Mantle plumes take us from the deep Earth to sub-lithospheric depths
where partial melting occurs, and to the surface where episodic LIP activity
through Earth history has led to Earth crises. These mantle plumes are almost
entirely sourced from the edges of the two major thermochemical piles beneath
Africa and the Paci
Finally, we emphasize that major global events recorded by the Earth
'
c. Only the Columbia River Basalts and the Siberian Traps,
which probably triggered the largest extinction event ever known, differ from this
pattern. The Siberian Traps could potentially be a north-eastern arm of the African
LLSVP (Torsvik
et al
.,
2008a
) but could very well be related to a separate low
shear-velocity province (dubbed Perm) at the core
-
mantle boundary (
Figure 3.2
).
Acknowledgements
The European Research Council under the European Union
'
s Seventh Framework
Programme (FP7/2007
2013)/ERC Advanced Grant Agreement Number 267631
(Beyond Plate Tectonics) and the Research Council of Norway through its Centres
of Excellence funding scheme (CEED, Project number 223272) are acknowledged
for
-
financial support.
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