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explain the CIE, and polar regions develop undersaturated conditions at the lowest
level of perturbation. We
find that the initial buffering capacity of the ocean is
quickly overwhelmed for many of the plausible scenarios for C release. However,
for smaller releases (i.e. < 30 000 Gt C over 60 000 years), the buffering capacity
of the ocean is capable of mitigating against severe ocean acidification in response
to CO 2 release. For a geologically feasible C source, i.e. metamorphism of organic-
rich sediment (
13 C
), the total amount of C released could be higher than
32 000 Gt C, but the upper limit is uncertain. The global warming and the likely
ocean acidi
δ
¼ -
25
cation due to the Siberian Traps volcanism might have pitched the
end-Permian Earth system over a critical threshold and caused the mass extinction
and subsequent long recovery.
Acknowledgements
Y.C. and L.R.K. acknowledge support from NSF grant EAR-0807744, NASA
Astrobiology funds. Y.C. acknowledges travel support from Krynine funds at Penn
State and a GSA research grant.
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