Evidence for volcanism triggering extinctions: a short history of IPGP contributions with emphasis on paleomagnetism - Volcanism and Global Environmental Change - page 233

I

H

A

R

E

T

L

Greenland
(59-60Ma)

BTIP

Siberian Traps
(250Ma)

Central Atlantic
margin
(200Ma)

Emeishan
Basalts
(258Ma)

Ethiopian Traps
(30Ma)

Deccan Traps
(65Ma)

Ontong Java
120Ma

Parana Etendeka Traps
(131-133Ma)

Ferrar Volcanics,
Karoo Traps (184Ma)
Rajmahal (120Ma)

Figure 15.3 Seismic velocity anomalies near the core - mantle boundary (color

scale from 3% (slow) anomalies in shear velocity; Ritsema et al .,

2011 ). (Top) Distribution of 49 hotspots from the catalog used in Courtillot et al .
( 2003 ). The seven

þ 3% (fast) to -

“ primary ” hotspots are shown as downward-pointing triangles

(H ¼ Hawaii, E ¼ Easter Island, L ¼ Louisville, T ¼ Tristan da Cunha,

I Reunion). Upward-pointing triangles are hotspots

with possible deep origin. Dots indicate other hotspots. (Bottom) Same distribu-
tion with locations of main

¼ Iceland, A ¼ Afar, R ¼

flood basalt provinces at appropriate locations at time
of eruption (Davaille et al ., 2005 ). When possible, a reconstruction with present
day outcrops of lava (in black) is indicated, with LIP name and age. See stability
of plume head and tail location in time near edges of slow quadrupolar anomalies.
A black and white version of this figure will appear in some formats. For the

colour version, please refer to the plate section .