Volcanism, the atmosphere and climate through time - Volcanism and Global Environmental Change - page 201

Figure 13.2 Comparison of the surface temperature changes (in K) as observed
(a) and simulated by current climate models (b) averaged for two winter seasons
after a major eruption in the tropics. The difference between modelled and
observed surface temperature changes is shown in (c) with dashed contours (blue
colours in colour version) indicating that modelled temperatures are too cold and
grey-shaded contours (yellow colours in colour version) indicating that modelled
temperatures are too warm compared to the observations. Figures reproduced
based on data analysed and presented in Driscoll et al .( 2012 ). A black and white
version of this figure will appear in some formats. For the colour version, please

refer to the plate section .

(e.g. Mather et al ., 2003 ), satellite retrievals (e.g. Gassó, 2008 ), and modelling
(e.g. Graf et al ., 1997 ; Schmidt et al ., 2010 , 2012a ) .

13.5 Volcano-climate interactions through time
Rampino and Self ( 1982 ) noted that eruption size does not correlate with the
magnitude of the climatic effect. Pinto et al .( 1989 ) used a one-dimensional
microphysics model to demonstrate that the volcanic impact on climate becomes
self-limited with increasing SO 2 release because microphysical processes such as
coagulation cause particles to grow to large sizes, which have a lower optical depth
per unit mass and fall out of the stratosphere faster. Timmreck et al .( 2010 ) and
English et al .( 2013 ) simulated an eruption thought to be representative of the
Youngest Toba Tuff eruption (74 ka) using three-dimensional microphysics